MAGNESIUM IMBALANCES

Signs and Symptoms:

Magnesium (Mg) is the second most
- respiratory depression
abundant cation in the intracellular fluid. It
- cardiac depression
functions by exerting its effects on the
- diminished deep tendon reflexes
myoneural junction, affecting neuromuscular
- flaccid paralysis
irritability. Magnesium is a cofactor in more
- drowsiness
than 300 enzyme systems that regulate diverse
- lethargy
biochemical reactions in the body, including
- ECG changed
protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function,
blood glucose control, and blood pressure
regulation.

NURSING INTERVENTIONS:

HYPOMAGNESEMIA
Hypomagnesemia frequently occurs in alcoholic
and critically ill patients and is often associated

The normal serum magnesium concentration

ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L. Magnesium
imbalances, including hypermagnesemia and
with hypocalcemia and hypokalemia.
hypomagnesemia, require careful management
Signs and symptoms:
- tachycardia
- dyspnea and rapid shallow respirations
- hyperreflexia
- positive Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs
- nystagmus
- confusion, irritability, insomnia, seizure
- tetany
- ECG changes

to prevent potentially serious complications.

HYPERMAGNESEMIA
Hypermagnesemia is most commonly seen
patients with an inability to excrete Mg+ or
with increased intake of Mg+ from antacid.
Both neuromuscular and cardiac depression are NURSING INTERVENTIONS:
observed in hypermagnesemia.
Non-renal failure causes of
Hypermagnesemia:
1. increased intake of magnesium
2. decreased excretion of magnesium
3. adrenal insufficiency or hyperparathyroidism