1

CHAPTER 1

THE BACKGROUND AND ITS SETTINGS

RATIONALE

Life is the most beautiful gift that is given to us by God. It is something that

cannot be bought or exchanged with someone else’s. There are people who

crave for a longer life. However, there are also people who wants to end theirs.

Life may be hard at times, but, we must not end it. It’s too precious to waste.

There are many important things that we are yet to finish and experience. There

are many challenges that are waiting for us to make us stronger, better and

wiser.

However, we cannot also judge or blame those who choose to end their lives

or attempted to. We have never been in their shoes and we don’t know how

hard it was for them. Each and every person have different threshold for pain

and all our sufferings are valid no matter how deep or shallow the reason may

be.

We must always be open-minded and be sensitive towards other people’s

feelings and situation. Suicide is not something that we should take lightly or not

give much attention to. It is something that has been going on for hundreds and

even thousands of years.

As indicated by Wikipedia, Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's

own death. Some suicides are impulsive acts due to stress (such as from
 2

financial or academic difficulties), relationship problems (such as breakups or

deaths of close ones), or harassment/bullying. Those who have previously

attempted suicide are at a higher risk for future attempts.

Although suicide is relatively rare among children, the rate of suicides and

suicide attempts increases greatly during adolescence. Suicide is the third-

leading cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds, according to the Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention, after accidents and homicide. It's also thought

that many more attempts are made for every completed teen suicide.

The researchers observed that the topic was a timely and relevant issue,

especially with everything that’s going on in the world today. Life as a student

and as a person has been very challenging because of the pandemic. Education

system has been altered in order for it to fit the new normal that the government

has set. Learning has become more challenging especially to those students who

are intellectually and academically challenged. Due to these, more and more

students are resorting to suicide and ending their life.

This study seeks to investigate the factors affecting the suicidal ideations

among teenagers. This study aims to help the students to express their

perspective regarding suicide. This study also intend to raise awareness about

the importance of mental health.

Statement of the Problem

 3

This study aims to investigate and discover the factors affecting the suicidal

ideations among teenager students of Carmen National High School.

Specifically it will answer the following questions:

1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Gender

b. Age

c. Religion

d. Parents living arrangement

e. Financial status

f. Sexuality

g. Civil Status

2. What are the factors that affects suicidal ideations among teenagers in terms

of:

2.1 Depression

2.2 Academic Challenges

2.3 Financial Status

2.4 Bullying

2.5 Emotional Problems

2.6 Drug Abuse

2.7 Family Problems

3. Based on the results, what is the proposed output?

 4

Theoretical Background

According to verywellmind.com, psychoanalytic theory was an enormously

influential force during the first half of the twentieth century. Those inspired and

influenced by Freud went on to expand upon Freud's ideas and develop theories

of their own. Of these neo-Freudians, Erik Erikson's ideas have become perhaps

the most known.

The eight-stage psychosocial development theory by Erikson describes

growth and change throughout life, focusing on social interaction and conflicts

that arise during different stages of development.

Psychosocial theory does not focus on the obvious physical changes that

occur as children grow up, but rather on the socioemotional factors that

influence an individual's psychological growth. At each point in development,

people cope with a psychosocial crisis.

In relevance to the study, Psychosocial Development theory was used to

describe the behavior of the students during their teen years. Specifically, the

fourth stage of the theory which is “Industry vs Inferiority” is the main focus of

this study.

Industry vs. Inferiority is the stage in which children enter into the greater

society beyond the family for the first time. It is where they develop and build
 5

their mentality. Most often, this is also where teenagers start to develop conflicts

that affects their mental health, academic performance, and their social life.

Theoretical or Conceptual Framework

THEORY

Psychosocial Development Theory by Erik Erikson (1968)

INPUT
1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. Gender e. Financial status
b. Age f. Sexuality
c. Religion g. Civil Status
d. Parents living arrangement
2. What are the factors that affects suicidal ideations among
teenagers in terms of:
2.1 Depression 2.7 Family Problems
2.2 Academic Challenges
2.3 Financial Status
2.4 Bullying
2.5 Emotional Problems
2.6 Drug Abuse
3. Based on the results, what is the proposed output?

PROCESS
The data are obtained through:
▶ Producing and distributing the Survey Questionnaires
▶ Tabulating the Data
▶ Analyzing the data through its statistical treatment
▶ Interpreting the data
 6

OUTPUT

A proposed seminar for the dissemination of information about

the importance of mental health awareness
Significance of the Study

This study can be a learning example to the senior high school student of

Carmen National High School to raise their awareness about suicide and

importance mental health. The study’s goal was designed to describe the

perspective of the Grade 12 students about suicide and suicide attempts. The

following are the benefits of the study:

Respondents. The students will be able to learn about the importance of

mental health and help them know what they should do to strengthen their

mental and emotional health.

School Administration. This study can be used by school administrators to

provide further information about the importance of mental health and they will

be able to understand the perspectives of the students and design a program

that will help the students strengthen their mental health.

Parents. This study will benefit the parents because they will be able to

understand their children more and they will know what to do in order to help

their children who are suffering from stress, depression, or academic challenges.

Researchers. This study gives knowledge to researchers about the factors

affecting the suicidal ideations among teenagers and help them as a student.
 7

Future Researchers. This study functions as a guide and source of information

to the future researchers. This will help them complete their study easier and

faster.

Definition of Terms

In order to make the reader understand the study, the following terms are

operationally defined by the researchers.

Suicidal Ideations. In this study, it is the variable being studied. It is the

variable that give teenagers ideas to attempt suicide .

Mental Health. In this study, it is one of the factors that might affect

the suicidal ideation among teenagers. It is a person’s condition with regard to

their psychological and emotional well-being.

Psychosocial Development Theory. In this study, this theory is used

to explain how suicidal ideation among teenagers is developed and describe the

behavior of the students during their teen years.

Bullying. In this study, it is one of the factors that might affect the

suicidal ideation among teenagers. The behavior of a person who hurts or

frightens someone smaller or less powerful.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Review of Related Literature

Suicide is the act of taking one’s own life. According research, suicide is the

10th leading cause of death in the World. Suicidal behavior refers to talking

about or taking actions related to ending one’s own life. Suicidal thoughts and

behaviors should be considered a psychiatric emergency (Kahn, 2019).

(According to Wikipedia, approximately 1.5% of people die by suicide. In a

given year this is roughly 12 per 100,000 people. Rates of completed suicides are

generally higher among men than among women, ranging from 1.5 times as

much in the developing world to 3.5 times in the developed world. Suicide is

generally most common among those over the age of 70; however, in certain

countries, those aged between 15 and 30 are at the highest risk. Pangeta mug

data for Phils.)

Nomenclature for Suicide

There are lot of types or names for each kind of suicide. Attempted suicide

or non-fatal suicidal behavior, as stated by Krug (2002), is self-injury with at

least some desire to end one's life that does not result in death. Suicide
 9

attempts can result in serious and permanent injuries and/or disabilities. People

who attempt either hanging or charcoal grill carbon monoxide poisoning and

survive can face permanent brain damage due to cerebral anoxia. People who

take a drug overdose and survive can face severe organ damage (e.g., liver

failure). Individuals who jump from a bridge and survive may face irreversible

damage to multiple organs, as well as the spine and brain (Stone, 2001).

Assisted suicide is when one individual helps another bring about their own

death indirectly via providing either advice or the means to the end. In Europe,

assisted suicide is understood to be when another person, usually a physician,

provides the means of killing oneself. It is often used to describe the condition

when someone gives details on how to end one’s life. Individuals then use them

to bring an end to their life (Gullotta & Bloom, 2002).

Suicidal ideation is thoughts of ending one's life but not taking any active

efforts to do so. The term “suicidal ideation” is often used in the technical

literature, and refers to thoughts of killing oneself, in varying degrees of intensity

and elaboration. In the literature, the term also refers to a feeling of being tired

of life, a belief that life is not worth living, and a desire not to wake from sleep.

Although these different feelings — or ideations— express different degrees of

severity, there is not necessarily a continuum between them (Krug, 2002).

As eloquently stated by David Lester (2009), a murder-suicide (or homicide-

suicide) is where the individual aims at taking the life of others at the same time.
 10

A special case of this is extended suicide, where the murder is motivated by

seeing the murdered persons as an extension of their self. A murder–suicide is

an act in which an individual kills one or more people before (or while) killing

themselves.

Suicide in which the reason is that the person feels that they are not part of

society is known as egoistic suicide. Egoistic suicide results from poor integration

into society, as a result of the way a individual behaves, for example by virtue of

mental illness. It is committed by individuals who are social outcast and see

themselves as being alone or an outsider. These individuals are unable to find

their own place in society and have problems adjusting to groups (Stein &

Wilkinson, 2007).

Risk Factors

There are a lot of factors that can trigger people to commit or attempt

suicide. Mental issues, drug abuses, psychological states, cultural, family and

social situations, genetics, trauma or failure experiences and nihilism (expressing

some form of rejection towards life or towards fundamental concepts such as

knowledge, existence, and the meaning of life) are factors that influence the risk

of suicide. Factors such as mental challenges and drug abuse problems often

coexists. Further risk factors include past suicide attempts, ready access to a

means of taking one’s life, family history of suicide or traumatic brain damage.
 11

Mental health disorder is a problem that is being battled by many people

around the world. It has been burdening people for a very long time. Some are

fortunate enough to overcome it, however, some were not strong enough to

fight it and ended up taking their life. Individuals suffering from depression,

anxiety, and post traumatic stress disorder are the ones who are at risk of

committing suicide due to mental illness.

According to Wikipedia, the second most common risk factor for suicide

following mental health disorder is drug abuse. It is associated with both chronic

drug abuse and acute toxicity. In combination with personal distress, for instance

neglect, the risk increases further. Most people are under the influence of

sedative-hypnotic drugs (such as alcohol or benzodiazepines) when they die by

suicide, with alcoholism present in between 15% and 61% of cases.

Aside from the above mentioned factors, the media, including the internet,

also plays an important role. Social media is the most used platform where

people communicate with each other from all over the world. It is also where

people share even the most personal aspects of their life. However, due to the

vast number of its users, it is inevitable that people will abuse it. Cyberbullying

arises due to social media misuse and it also triggers people to attempt suicide.

Dealing with a suicidal

As stated by Helpguide.org, most suicidal individuals give warning signs or

signals of their intentions. The best way to prevent suicide is to recognize these
 12

warning signs and know how to respond if you spot them. If you believe that a

friend or family member is suicidal, you can play a role in suicide prevention by

pointing out the alternatives, showing that you care, and getting a doctor or

psychologist involved.

Major warning signs for suicide include talking about killing or harming

oneself, talking or writing a lot about death or dying, and seeking out things that

could be used in a suicide attempt, such as weapons and drugs. A more subtle,

but equally dangerous, warning sign of suicide is hopelessness. Studies have

found that hopelessness is a strong predictor of suicide. People who feel

hopeless may talk about “unbearable” feelings, predict a bleak future, and state

that they have nothing to look forward to.

Talking to a friend or family member about their suicidal thoughts and

feelings can be extremely difficult for anyone. But if you’re unsure whether

someone is suicidal, the best way to find out is to ask. You can’t make a person

suicidal by showing that you care. In fact, giving a suicidal person the

opportunity to express their feelings can provide relief from loneliness and pent-

up negative feelings, and may prevent a suicide attempt (Helpguide.org, 2020).

People who attempted to commit suicide are often mentally or emotionally

challenged. The best thing to do when when dealing with someone suicidal is to

sensitive and open-minded. Always be ready to listen. People don’t always need
 13

advice, sometimes they just need to be heard, to be understood, and not be

judged.

Review of Related Studies

Suicide is a desperate attempt to avoid misery. A suicidal person blinded by

self-pity, despair and loneliness cannot see any way to get a relief except by

suicide. But while they are willing to stop the suffering, the majority of suicidals

are profoundly conflicted to end their life.

A study by Arria, Caldeira, O’Grady, et al (2010) entitled “Suicide ideation

among college students: A multivariate analysis” stated that suicide is the third

leading cause of death among 15-to-24 year olds (Anderson & Smith, 2005) and

the second leading cause of death among college students. Results of the study

showed that An estimated 6% of first-year students at their university had

current suicide ideation. Depressive symptoms, low social support, affective

dysregulation, and father-child conflict were each independently associated with

suicide ideation. Only 40% of individuals with suicide ideation were classified as

depressed according to standard criteria. The study reveals that among all the

leading risk factors of suicide among students, mental health disorder like

depression, along with social and family conflict are the main reasons for suicide

ideation.
 14

In Islam, Potenza, Tansim, et al’s (2020) study, they concluded that over

one in eight university students reported suicidal ideation during the COVID-19

pandemic. The findings provide important baseline information on suicidal

ideation among Bangladeshi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Students’ mental health concerns, especially depression, were strongly correlated

with suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Effective strategies are

needed to support the mental health of students. This study shows that the

mental health of students were greatly affected by the pandemic, thus, giving

them ideas on suicide.

A study conducted by Guille, Peluso, Ramos, et al (2016) aims to estimate

the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in

medical students. In this systematic review, the summary estimate of the

prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among medical students was

27.2% and that of suicidal ideation was 11.1%. However, further research is

needed to identify strategies for preventing and treating these disorders in this

population.

Cusimano and Sameem’s (2011) study entitled “The effectiveness of middle

and high school-based suicide prevention programmes for adolescents: a

systematic review” which aims to assess the effectiveness of middle and high

school-based suicide prevention curricula revealed that statistically significant

improvements were noted in knowledge, attitude, and help-seeking behaviour. A

 15

decrease in self reported ideation was reported in two studies. None reported on

suicide rates.

In conclusion, among all the leading risk factors of suicide, mental health

challenges, specifically depression, is the most prominent reason or cause of

suicide among teenagers and students. Other factors include social and family

conflict, stress and anxiety brought by the pandemic, and academic challenges.

Programs such as raising awareness on the importance of mental health, mental

health strengthening activities, and other programs that helps students forget

about their misery can gretly help prevent suicidal ideation among teenagers.
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CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The purpose of this chapter is to explain in detail the research methods and

the methodology implemented for this study. This chapter will explain first of all

the research design and technique being used, then the place where the study

will be conducted, the respondents, as well as the processes and how the

research instrument was used with the data or information collected.

Research Design

This study will be conducted according to the design of the quantitative

descriptive method. Researchers express and evaluate the views and perspective

of Senior High School students of Carmen National High School about the

factors affecting the suicidal ideation among teenagers.

Descriptive research is defined as a research method that describes the

characteristics of the population or phenomenon that is being studied. This

methodology focuses more on the “what” of the research subject rather than the

“why” of the research subject. In other words, descriptive research primarily

focuses on describing the nature of a demographic segment, without focusing on

“why” a certain phenomenon occurs. In other words, it “describes” the subject of

the research, without covering “why” it happens.

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Research Respondents

This study focused on the Grade 12 Students in Carmen National High School

from S.Y. 2020-2021. The total population of the Grade 12 students of Carmen

National High School is 787 but only 120 students was given the chance to

participate in this study. The participants were selected through simple random

sampling technique. In this type of sampling, the participants were selected by

chance, but with a known probability of selection. After using the simple random

sampling technique, the researcher then used the stratified random sampling

technique to get the number of respondents in each class room. Then the

researcher uses the fish bowl method to select the respondents in each

classroom. The respondents of this study was the Grade 12 students of Carmen

National High School. To get the number of the students that will be the

respondents of the study, the researchers used the Slovin`s formula to calculate

the sample size given the population size and a margin of error. After getting the

sample size from the whole number population, it will be divided by the number

of sections of the Grades 12 of the school.

Slovin’s Formula :

n= N
1 + Ne²
 18

Where N = Total number of Senior High School Students

E = margin of error (0.0840)²

n = sample size

Computation:

n= N__
1 + Ne²

n= 787___
1 + 787(0.0840)²

n= 787____
1 + 787(0.007056)

n= 787___
1 + 5.553072

n= 787___
6.553072

n= 120.096345652848 (120)
120 students
Computation for the sample per class:

Sample per class= (x/N)n

Where:

x= number of students in class

N= total population

n= sample size 266 students

 19

Computation for the sample per class:

Sample per class= (x/N)n

Where:

x= number of students in class

N= total population

n= sample size

Grade Section Class Population Sample

12 STEM A 53 8
12 STEM B 53 8
12 SMAW A 53 8
12 SMAW B 53 8
12 AUTOMOTIVE A 53 8
12 AUTOMOTIVE B 53 8
12 ICT A 53 8
12 ICT B 53 8
12 H.E. A 53 8
12 H.E. B 45 8
12 HUMMS A 53 8
12 HUMMS B 53 8
12 HUMMS C 53 8
12 HUMMS D 53 8
12 HUMMS E 53 8
Total 787 120
 20

Research Environment

This study will be conducted at Carmen National High School located in

Cogon West, Carmen, Cebu. The chosen environment was the specific and exact

environment for the researchers to collect data from the Senior High School

students about their perspective regarding the factors affecting the suicidal

ideation among teenagers. The researchers choose to conduct the study in

Carmen National High School because it is accessible and convenient for the

researchers.

Research Instrument

The researchers used a modified questionnaire in making their surveys

questions. It came from a published research material entitled “Factors Affecting

the Agreeableness of the SHS Students of Colegio de San Antonio de Padua on

the Planned Re-implementation of Mandatory Reserve Officers Training Corps

(ROTC) : A Proposed Symposium” by Jean Kimberly A. Lato, Steven M. Dorog,

France Laurence Puebla, Zaldin Entienza, and Gil John Anasco. It is modified or

changed to best fit the need of the researcher. The researchers conducted a

survey and use a questionnaire based on the Grade 12 students of Carmen

National High School on their impression on the factors affecting the suicidal

ideation among teenagers

For this study, the survey questionnaire instruments were used to achieve

the main objective of the study. The questionnaires were distributed to the
 21

selected Grade 12 students that aimed to determine the factors affecting the

suicidal ideation among teenagers.

Statistical Treatment

Statistical Treatment, is using or applying statistical method to the data of

your research. The researcher used descriptive statistics in collecting the data

which only aims to describe the Grade 12 impression about the factors affecting

suicidal ideation among teenagers. The Descriptive Statistics is used to collect

the data to show the current condition of the perspective of the students

towards the p factors affecting suicidal ideation in a simplest way.

After collecting the data needed, the researchers tabulated and analyzed the

gathered data with the help of statistical tools. The following are the statistical

tools used in this study together with their corresponding formulas.

Weighted Mean

A weighted mean is a kind of average. Instead of each data point

contributing equally to the final mean, some data points contribute more

“weight” than others. The weighted mean is a type of mean that is calculated

by multiplying the weight (or probability) associated with a particular event

or outcome with its associated quantitative outcome and then summing all

the products together.

The researcher will use this to get the weighted mean of the factors

affecting suicidal ideation among teenagers.

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X̅ = Σf x
n
Where:

X̅ = weighted mean

f = frequency

x = scale

n = total respondents
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CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered, the results of the statistical analysis

done and the interpretation of findings. These are presented in tables following

the sequence of the research problems regarding the factors affecting the

suicidal ideations among the SHS students of Carmen National High School.

I. Profile of the Respondents

Table 1.1
Frequency and Percentage of the Profile of the Respondents
Gender Frequency (n= 120) Percentage

Male 59 49.17%
Female 61 50.83%

Table 1.1 shows that out of the 120 respondents, 59 or 49.17% students
are male and 61 or 50.83% students are female.

Table 1.2
Age Frequency (n= 120) Percentage

Below 16 year old 0 0.00%

16-17 year old 26 21.67%

18-19 year old 77 64.17%

20 year old & above 17 14.17%

Table 1.2 shows that out of the 120 respondents, 0 or 0% students are
below 16 years old, 26 or 21.67% students are 16 to 17 years old, 77 or 64.17%
students are 18 to 19 years old, and 17 or 14.17% students are 20 years old and
above.
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Table 1.3
Religion Frequency (n= 120) Percentage

Catholic 113 94.17%

Non-Catholic 7 5.83%

Table 1.3 shows that out of the 120 respondents, 113 or 94.17% students
are catholic and 7 or 5.83% students are non-catholic.

Table 1.4
Parent’s living Frequency (n= 120) Percentage
arrangement
Parents living together 88 73.33%
Parents not living together 32 26.67%

Table 1.4 shows that out of the 120 respondents, 88 or 73.33% students
have their parents living together and 32 or 26.67% students have their parents
living separately.

Table 1.5
Financial Status Frequency (n= 120) Percentage
(monthly income)
Below P5,000 51 42.50%
P5,001-P10,000 44 36.67%

P10,001- P15,000 16 13.33%

Above P15,000 9 7.5%

Table 1.5 shows that out of the 120 respondents, 51 or 42.50% student’s
family have a monthly income of P5,000 and below, 44 or 36.67% student’s
family have a monthly income of P5,001 to P10,000, 16 or 13.33% student’s
family have a monthly income of P10,001 to P15,000, and 9 or 7.5% student’s
family have a monthly income of above P15,000
 25

Table 1.6
Sexuality Frequency (n= 120) Percentage

Heterosexual (Boy or Girl) 110 91.67%

Homosexual (LGBTQ+) 10 8.33%

Table 1.6 shows that out of the 120 respondents, 110 or 91.67% students
are heterosexual and 10 or 8.33% students are homosexual.

Table 1.7
Civil Status Frequency (n= 120) Percentage

Single 119 99.17%

Married 1 0.83%

Table 1.7 shows that out of the 120 respondents, 119 or 99.17% students
are single and 1 or 0.83% student is married.

II. FACTORS AFFECTING SUICIDAL IDEATIONS AMONG

TEENAGERS

Table 2.1
Distribution of the Factors Affecting Suicidal Ideations
Statement Weighted Interpretation
Mean
1. Depression
1.1 Teenagers suffering from depression 2.49 Agree
often attempt suicide.
1.2 Depression and anxiety are one of the 2.66 Agree
most common causes of suicide.
1.3 Lack of knowledge on how to address 2.34 Neutral
depression and anxiety can often lead to
suicide.
1.4 Trauma caused by an accident or 2.47 Agree
harassment can lead to suicide.
 26

Subtotal 2.49 Agree

Table 2.1 shows that out of the four statements under the factor Depression,
statements 2 “Depression and anxiety are one of the most common causes of
suicide” got the highest weighted mean of 2.66 which is interpreted as “Agree”.
Based on the rating scale, this indicates that the respondent’s general response
was that they agree the most to the said statement. On the other hand, the
statement with the least weighted mean is statement 3 “Lack of knowledge on
how to address depression and anxiety can often lead to suicide” with a mean
of 2.34 which is interpreted as “Neutral”. This means that the respondents
agree least or is neutral to the said statement.
Table 2.2
2. Academic Challenges
2.1 Teenagers who are intellectually 2.09 Neutral
challenged often feel discouraged and
sometimes lead to suicide attempts.
2.2 Too much stress from school may 2.21 Neutral
give students ideas on suicide.
2.3 Failing grades are one of the main 2.07 Neutral
reason why teenagers attempt suicide.
2.4 Failure to perform well in school 1.93 Neutral
often discourages students that may lead
to depression and soon suicide.
Subtotal 2.08 Neutral
Table 2.2 shows that out of the three statements under the factor Academic
Challenges, statements 2 “Too much stress from school may give students
ideas on suicide” got the highest weighted mean of 2.59 which is interpreted as
“Neutral”. This indicates that the respondent’s general response was that they
neither agree nor disagree the most to the said statement. On the other hand,
the statement with the least weighted mean is statement 4 “Failure to perform
well in school often discourages students that may lead to depression and soon
 27

suicide” with a mean of 1.93 which is still interpreted as “Neutral”. This means
that the respondents still neither agree nor disagree to the said statement.
Table 2.3
3. Financial status
3.1 Financial crisis can make a person 2.19 Neutral
suffer from stress that may lead to suicide
attempts.
3.2 Decrease in income can affect a 2.15 Neutral
family’s financial status which may cause
stress and depression and may soon lead
to suicide attempt.
3.3 Financial crisis caused by educational 2.14 Neutral
expense can affect a student’s academic
performance and may lead to suicide.
3.4 Too much debt can make a person 2.21 Neutral
depressed and may give them ideas on
suicide.
Subtotal 2.17 Neutral
Table 2.3 shows that out of the four statements under the factor Financial
status, statements 4 “ Too much debt can make a person depressed and may
give them ideas on suicide.” got the highest weighted mean of 2.21 which is
interpreted as “Neutral”. This indicates that the respondent’s general response
was that they neither agree nor disagree the most to the said statement. On
the other hand, the statement with the least weighted mean is statement 3
“Financial crisis caused by educational expense can affect a student’s academic
performance and may lead to suicide.” with a mean of 2.14 which is still
interpreted as “Neutral”. This means that the respondents still neither agree nor
disagree to the said statement.
Table 2.4
4. Bullying
4.1 Teenagers who are victims of bullying 2.51 Agree
 28

are some of the most common reported

cases of suicide.
4.2 Cyberbullying, or bullying in 2.48 Agree
general, is one of the most common reason
why a teenager attempts suicide.
4.3 Bullying destroys a person’s 2.60 Agree
confidence and give them ideas on suicide
attempt.
4.4 Bullying can cause depression on the 2.55 Agree
victim and may give them ideas on suicide.
Subtotal 2.54 Agree
Table 2.4 shows that out of the four statements under the factor Bullying,
statements 3 “Bullying destroys a person’s confidence and give them ideas on
suicide attempt.” got the highest weighted mean of 2.60 which is interpreted as
“Agree”. This indicates that the respondent’s general response was that they
agree the most to the said statement. On the other hand, the statement with
the least weighted mean is statement 2 “ I Cyberbullying, or bullying in general,
is one of the most common reason why a teenager attempts suicide.” with a
mean of 2.49 which is still interpreted as “Agree”. This means that the
respondents agree least to the said statement.
Table 2.5
5. Emotional Problems
5.1 People who feel alone often attempts 1.91 Neutral
to suicide.

5.2 Isolation can greatly affect a person’s 1.99 Neutral

mental health and sometimes leads to
suicide
5.3 Loss of loved ones can affect a 2.23 Neutral
person’s emotional health that may lead to
suicide.
5.4 Heart break caused by a breakup can 1.96 Neutral
 29

greatly affect a person’s emotional health

which may lead to suicide.
Subtotal 2.02 Neutral
Table 2.5 shows that out of the four statements under the factor
Emotional Problems, statements 3 “Loss of loved ones can affect a person’s
emotional health that may lead to suicide.” got the highest weighted mean of
2.23 which is interpreted as “Neutral”. This indicates that the respondent’s
general response was that they neither agree nor disagree the most to the said
statement. On the other hand, the statement with the least weighted mean is
statement 1 “People who feel alone often attempts to suicide.” with a mean of
1.91 which is still interpreted as “Neutral”. This means that the respondents still
neither agree nor disagree to the said statement.

Table 2.6
6. Drug Abuse
6.1 The use of illegal drugs can greatly 2.44 Agree
affect one’s mental health which may lead
to suicidal ideation.
6.2 Some people use dangerous drugs 2.23 Neutral
to attempt to commit suicide.

6.3 Drug abuse is among the most 2.44 Agree

common risk factor for suicide.
6.4 Co-existing mental health issues 2.32 Neutral
may be responsible for the elevated suicide
rates seen in individuals who struggle with
substance use.
Subtotal 2.36 Agree
Table 2.6 shows that out of the four statements under the factor Drug
Abuse, statements 1 and 3 “The use of illegal drugs can greatly affect one’s
mental health which may lead to suicidal ideation.” and “Drug abuse is among
the most common risk factor for suicide.” got the highest weighted mean of
 30

2.44 which is interpreted as “Agree”. This indicates that the respondent’s

general response was that they agree the most to the said statement. On the
other hand, the statement with the least weighted mean is statement 2 “ Some
people use dangerous drugs to attempt to commit suicide.” with a mean of 2.23
which is interpreted as “Neutral”. This means that the respondents neither
agree nor disagree to the said statement.
Table 2.7
7. Family Problems
7.1 Unhealthy home environment can 2.22 Neutral
make a student suicidal.

7.2 Too much pressure from family can 2.53 Agree

cause stress to students which gives them
ideas on suicide.
7.3 Divorce or separation of parents 2.34 Neutral
can greatly affect student’s mental health
which may lead to suicide.
7.4 Too much unhealthy arguments 2.29 Neutral
between family members can make a
person depressed which may give them
ideas on suicide.
Subtotal 2.35 Agree
Table 2.7 shows that out of the four statements under the factor Family
Problems, statements 2 “Too much pressure from family can cause stress to
students which gives them ideas on suicide.” got the highest weighted mean of
2.53 which is interpreted as “Agree”. This indicates that the respondent’s general
response was that they agree the most to the said statement. On the other
hand, the statement with the least weighted mean is statement 1 “Unhealthy
home environment can make a student suicidal.” with a mean of 2.22 which is
interpreted as “Neutral”. This means that the respondents neither agree nor
disagree to the said statement.
 31

Scale
Interval Description
2.35-3.00 Agree
1.67-2.34 Neutral
1.00-1.66 Disagree
 32

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY

This study aims to asses the factors affecting the suicidal ideations among

teenagers. The researchers utilized the Senior High School students of Carmen

National High School as their respondents.

Using a descriptive research design, data was collected by adapting a survey

questionnaire to measure the factors that may affect the suicidal ideations of the

Grade 12 students.

This study determined the factors affecting the suicidal ideations among the

SHS students of Carmen National High School in terms of: Depression , Academic

Challenges, Financial Status, Bullying, Emotional Problems, Drug Abuse, and Family

Problems

The results of the research was treated, analyzed, interpreted and tabulated

using the weighted mean.

FINDINGS
1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of their:
a. Gender
Based on the data gathered, the findings of the study shows that

majority of the Senior High School students of Carmen National High

School are females.

 33

b. Age

The results of the study revealed that most of the Senior High

School students of Carmen National High School are of ages 18 to 19

years old.

c. Religion

The finding of the study revealed that most of the Senior High

School students of Carmen National High School are catholics.

d. Parents living arrangement

The results of the study shows that most of the Senior High

School students of Carmen National High School have their parents

living under one roof.

e. Financial status

The finding of the study shows that most of the Senior High

School students of Carmen National High School have a monthly family

income below P5,000.00

f. Sexuality

Based on the results, study reveals that most of the Senior High

School students of Carmen National High School are heterosexual.

 34

g. Civil Status

According to the findings, study revealed that most of the Senior

High School students of Carmen National High School are single.

2. What are the factors that affects suicidal ideations among teenagers in

terms of:

2.1 Depression

2.2 Academic Challenges

2.3 Financial Status

2.4 Bullying

2.5 Emotional Problems

2.6 Drug Abuse

2.7 Family Problems

In general, the findings indicate that out of the seven factors affecting the

suicidal ideations among teenagers, the factor Bullying got the highest grand

mean of 2.54 which is interpreted as “Agree”. This indicates that out of the

seven factors, the respondents agree most to the Bullying factor. On the other

hand, the factor with the least grand mean is Emotional Problems with a mean of

2.02 which is interpreted as “Neutral”. This means that the respondents neither

agree nor disagree to the said statement.

3. Based on the results, what is the proposed output?

Based on the data gathered, the output is a proposed symposium.

 35

CONCLUSION

Based on the data analysis and findings of the study, the results revealed

that majority the Grade 12 students of Carmen National High School are mostly

females, catholic, heterosexual, and single. The results also reveals that most of

the students are of ages 18 to 19 years old, have their parents living together,

and have a monthly income not more than P5,000. Based on the findings,

statement 1.2 “Depression and anxiety are one of the most common causes of

suicide.” got the highest mean of 2.66 which means that the students agree to

the fact that depression contributes a lot to the suicidal ideations among

teenagers, the same with the statement in page 10, paragraph 3 said “Mental

health disorder is a problem that is being battled by many people around the

world. It has been burdening people for a very long time.”. The study also

revealed the factors affecting the suicidal ideations among teenagers. This

includes: Depression, Academic Challenges, Financial Status, Bullying, Emotional

Problems, Drug Abuse, and Family Problems . With this, the researchers suggest an

output proposal for the dissemination of information about the importance of

mental health awareness. The researchers agreed to conduct a proposed

symposium for the students so that they would be able to learn more about the

importance mental health as well as the factors affecting suicidal ideations.

 36

RECOMMENDATION

The researchers have some suggestions to make. This includes:

1. The students should read more article about the importance of mental

health and other related article so that they have more knowledge it.

2. The students should not be afraid to open up to other people and seek

advice if they need to.

3. The school administration should start an information drive about the

importance of Mental Health to inform and educate the students.

4. Parents and teachers should be more attentive towards the students in

order to know if they need help or advice.

5. The future researchers should try to investigate on different variables in

order to have more varied results. Other variables includes: different

respondents like the parents, filipino citizens in general, etc.

 37

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 38

Bibliography

Anonymous (2014). “Preventing suicide: a global imperative”. Retrieved from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide
Anonymous (2020). "Suicide Prevetion". Retrieved from
https://www.helpguide.org/articles/suicide-prevention/suicide-
prevention.htm
Arria, A., Caldeira, K., O’Grady, K., et al (2010). "Suicide ideation among college
students: A multivariate analysis". Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2709750/
Cusimano, M. & Sameem, M. (2011). "The effectiveness of middle and high
school-based suicide prevention programmes for adolescents: a systematic
review". Retrieved from
https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/17/1/43.short
Fazel, S. & Runeson, B. (2020). "Suicide". Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7116087/
Guille, C., Peluso, M., Ramos, M., et al (2016). “Prevalence of Depression,
Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Retrieved from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27923088/
Gullotta, T. & Bloom, M. (2002). “Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention and Health
Promotion”. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=Elx37xzO0bsC&pg=PA1112&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Hawton, K. , Saunders, K. & O'Connor, R. (2012). "Self-harm and suicide in
adolescents". Retrieved from
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60322-
5/fulltext
 39

Islam, S., Potenza, M., Tansim, R., et al (2020). “Suicidal ideation among
Bangladeshi university students early during the COVID-19 pandemic:
Prevalence estimates and correlates”. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7654299/
Kahn, A. (2019). “What You Should Know About Suicide”. Retrieved from
https://www.healthline.com/health/suicide-and-suicidal-behavior
Krug, E. (2002). “World Report on Violence and Health”. Retrieved from
https://archive.org/details/worldreportonvio2002unse/page/185/mode/2up
Lester. D. (2009). "Extended suicide". Retrieved from
https://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780198570059.001.0001/
med-9780198570059-chapter-22
Stein. G. & Wilkinson, G. (2007). “Seminars in general adult psychiatry”.
Retrieved fromhttps://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=6PGzHFuS1xkC&pg=PA144&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Stone, G. (2001). "Suicide and Attempted Suicide". Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attempt
Värnik, P. (2012). "Suicide in the world". Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3367275/
Wkipedia (N.A.). "Suicide". Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide
 40

APPENDICES
 41

APPENDIX A
TRANSMITTAL LETTER TO THE PRINCIPAL
January 28,2021

ARLENE D. BUOT
Secondary School Principal III

Thru:
VANESSA MONTES, EdD
SHS Assistant to the Principal Designate

Dear Ma’am,

Greetings of peace!

We, the Grade 12 Home Economics students of Carmen National High School are
conducting a research study entitled “Factors Affecting Suicidal Ideations
Among Teenagers”. In line with this, we would like to ask permission from
your good office to conduct a survey on the Grade 12 students of our school. We
plan to distribute the survey questionnaires to their respective advisers to be
distributed during module distribution.

We would appreciate your positive respond regarding this matter.

Respectfully yours,

AISSA ABAYON
Group Member

Noted by:
SHARON PIA D. CASTIL
Research Mentor
 42

Approved by:
VANESSA MONTES
SHS Assistant to the Principal Designate

APPENDIX B
LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS

January 28, 2021

Dear Respondents,

Good day!

We are the Grade 12 HE students of Carmen National High School. As one of our
requirements, we are conducting a thesis entitled “Factors Affecting Suicidal
Ideations Among Teenagers”
Although your participation as respondents is completely voluntary, we are
humbly asking you for your time and consideration to answer our questions. Rest
assured that any information you will share will be treated with utmost
confidentiality.
Your participation will be of great help in accomplishing our endeavor.
For any clarifications, please do not hesitate to ask any of the members.
Thank you and God Bless.

Sincerely,
Abayon, Aissa
Alga, Paula Chavelle
Alga, Pia Chavelle
Andrade, Michelle
Banzon, Camelle
Banzon, Kressa
Enriquez, Kyla
Geraldez, Vinz Carmel
Gultiano, Mary Cris
 43

Noted by:

SHARON PIA D. CASTIL

Research Mentor
APPENDIX C

INFORMED CONSENT

TITLE OF THE STUDY

“Factors Affecting Suicidal Ideation Among Teenagers”

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Abayon , Aissa
Basic Education Department
Poblacion, Carmen, Cebu
0922-767-1965
aissaabayon1@gmail.com
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
You are being asked to take part in a research study. Before you decide to
participate in this study, it is important that you understand why the research is
being done and what it will involve. Please read the following carefully. Please
ask the researcher if there is anything that is not clear or if you need more
information.
The purpose of this study is to measure the factors affecting suicidal ideation
among teenagers
STUDY PROCEDURES
Before giving the survey questionnaires, the researchers will take a sample
from the population to be used as the respondents for the study.
 44

The researchers will give survey questionnaires to be answered in a form of

checklist. After answering, the respondents will return the questionnaires back to
the researchers.
The study will take more or less than 20 minutes from your time.
BENEFITS
There will be no direct benefit to you for your participation in this study.
However, the researchers hope that the information obtained from this study
may help this study and will show the researchers a clearer picture.
CONFIDENTIALITY
Your responses to this research study will be anonymous. Please do not write
any identifying information on your survey questionnaire. Or for the purposes of
this research study, your comments will not be anonymous. Every effort will be
made by the researcher to preserve your confidentiality.
CONTACT INFORMATION
If you have questions at any time about this study, or you experience
adverse effects as the results of participating in this study, you may contact the
researcher whose contact information is provided on the first page.
VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION
Your participation in this study is voluntary. It is up to you to decide whether
or not to take part of this study.
 45

APPENDIX D
Research Questionnaire
FACTORS AFFECTING SUICIDAL IDEATIONS AMONG TEENAGERS
To or Respondents:
This is to inform you that this questionnaire which you are about to
answer is solely for research purposes. The researchers will treat all information
with utmost confidentiality. Hence, we ask for your honest and sincere answers
regarding each question.
-The Researchers
Direction: Read the following statements or questions carefully that indicate
your perception about Suicidal Factors among Teenagers. Put a check
mark (✓) on the space provided.
I. PERSONAL PROFILE
Name (Optional):______________________________

Items Choices
Gender Male:: Female:
Age Below 16: 16-17: 18–19: 20 & Above:

Religion Catholic: Non-Catholic:

Parent’s living arrangement Parents living together: Parents not living
together:
Financial Status (monthly Below P5,001- P10,001- Above
income) P5,000; P10,000: P15,000: P15,000:
Sexuality Heterosexual (Boy or Homosexual (LGBTQ+):
Girl):
 46

Civil Status Single: Married:

II. FACTORS AFFECTING SUICIDAL IDEATION

3- agree 2- neutral 1-disagree

Statements 3 2 1
1. Mental/Psychological Health Challenges (e.g.
Depression, Anxiety, PTSD)
1.1 Teenagers suffering from depression often attempt
suicide.
1.2 Depression and anxiety are one of the most common
causes of suicide.
1.3 Lack of knowledge on how to address depression and
anxiety can often lead to suicide
1.4 Trauma caused by an accident or harassment can
lead to suicide.
2. Academic Challenges
2.1 Teenagers who are intellectually challenged often feel
discouraged and sometimes lead to suicide attempts.
2.2 Too much stress from school may give students ideas
on suicide.
2.3 Failing grades are one of the main reason why
teenagers attempt suicide.
2.4 Failure to perform well in school often discourages
students that may lead to depression and soon suicide.
3. Financial status
3.1 Financial crisis can make a person suffer from stress
that may lead to suicide attempts.
3.2 Decrease in income can affect a family’s financial
status which may cause stress and depression and may
soon lead to suicide attempt.
3.3 Financial crisis caused by educational expense can
affect a student’s academic performance and may lead to
suicide.
 47

3.4 Too much debt can make a person depressed and

may give them ideas on suicide.
4. Bullying
4.1 Teenagers who are victims of bullying are some of
the most common reported cases of suicide.
4.2 Cyberbullying, or bullying in general, is one of the
most common reason why a teenager attempts suicide.
4.3 Bullying destroys a person’s confidence and give them
ideas on suicide attempt.
4.4 Bullying can cause depression on the victim and may
give them ideas on suicide.
5. Emotional Problems
5.1 People who feel alone often attempts to suicide.
5.2 Isolation can greatly affect a person’s mental health
and sometimes leads to suicide
5.3 Loss of loved ones can affect a person’s emotional
health that may lead to suicide.
5.4 Heart break caused by a breakup can greatly affect
a person’s emotional health which may lead to suicide.
6. Drug Abuse
6.1 The use of illegal drugs can greatly affect one’s
mental health which may lead to suicidal ideation.
6.2 Some people use dangerous drugs to attempt to
commit suicide.
6.3 Drug abuse is among the most common risk
factor for suicide.
6.4 Co-existing mental health issues may be
responsible for the elevated suicide rates seen in individuals
who struggle with substance use.
7. Family Problems
7.1 Unhealthy home environment can make a student
suicidal.
7.2 Too much pressure from family can cause stress
 48

to students which gives them ideas on suicide.

7.3 Divorce or separation of parents can greatly affect
student’s mental health which may lead to suicide.
7.4 Too much unhealthy arguments between family
members can make a person depressed which may give
them ideas on suicide.
APPENDIX E

FORMULATIONS

How weighted mean table was completed:

X̅ = Σf x
n

1. Depression
1.1 71(3) + 37(2) + 12(1) 1.3 54(3) + 53(2) + 13(1)
120 120
= 2.49 = 2.34
1.2 87(3) + 25(2) + 8(1) 1.4 67(3) + 42(2) + 11(1)
120 120
= 2.66 = 2.47
2. Academic Challeges
2.1 31(3) + 69(2) + 20(1) 2.3 35(3) + 58(2) + 27(1)
120 120
= 2.09 = 2.07
2.2 44(3) + 57(2) + 19(1) 2.4 32(3) + 47(2) + 41(1)
120 120
= 2.21 = 1.93
3. Financial Status
3.1 42(3) + 59(2) + 19(1) 3.3 37(3) + 63(2) + 20(1)
120 120
 49

= 2.19 = 2.14
3.2 32(3) + 74(2) + 14(1) 3.4 46(3) + 53(2) + 21(1)
120 120
= 2.15 = 2.21

4. Bullying
4.1 72(3) + 37(2) + 11(1) 4.3 78(3) + 36(2) + 6(1)
120 120
= 2.51 = 2.60
4.2 66(3) + 45(2) + 9(1) 4.4 76(3) + 34(2) + 10(1)
120 120
= 2.48 = 2.55
5. Emotional Problems
5.1 32(3) + 45(2) + 43(1) 5.3 47(3) + 53(2) + 20(1)
120 120
= 1.91 = 2.23
5.2 30(3) + 59(2) + 31(1) 5.4 30(3) + 55(2) + 35(1)
120 120
= 1.99 = 1.96
6. Drug Abuse
6.1 68(3) + 37(2) + 15(1) 6.3 63(3) + 47(2) + 10(1)
120 120
= 2.44 = 2.44
6.2 44(3) + 58(2) + 19(1) 6.4 53(3) + 52(2) + 15(1)
120 120
= 2.23 = 2.32
7. Family Problems
7.1 51(3) + 44(2) + 25(1) 7.3 54(3) + 53(2) + 13(1)
 50

120 120
= 2.22 = 2.34
7.2 69(3) + 45(2) + 6(1) 7.4 58(3) + 39(2) + 23(1)
120 120
= 2.53 = 2.29

CURRICULUM VITAE
 51

RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE

I. PERSONAL DATA

Name: Aissa Abayon

Home Address: Poblacion, Carmen, Cebu

Gender: Female

Birthdate: May 02, 2003

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Citizenship: Filipino

Contact Number: 09227671965

Email Address: Aissaabayon1@gmail.com

Mother’s Name: Analiza Abayon

Father’s Name: Armin Abayon

II. Education Background

Senior High School: Carmen National High School

 52

Junior High School: Carmen National High School

Elementary: Elpidio I De Dios Elementary School

RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE

I. PERSONAL DATA

Name: PAULA CHAVELLE ALGA

Home Address: DAWIS NORTE,CARMEN, CEBU

Gender: FEMALE

Birthdate: JUNE 29,2003

Civil Status: SINGLE

Religion: ROMAN CATHOLIC

Citizenship: FILIPINO/CEBUANO

Contact Number: 09430728108

Email Address: Paulachavellealga2003@gmail.com

Mother’s Name: DIVINA CHEA ALGA

Father’s Name: JUNDEL GINGCO

II. Education Background

 53

Senior High School: CARMEN NHS

Junior High School: CARMEN NHS

Elementary: DAWIS NORTE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE

I. PERSONAL DATA

Name: PIA CHAVELLE ALGA

Home Address: DAWIS NORTE,CARMEN, CEBU

Gender: FEMALE

Birthdate: JUNE 29,2003

Civil Status: SINGLE

Religion: ROMAN CATHOLIC

Citizenship: FILIPINO/CEBUANO

Contact Number: 09636902711

Email Address: Piaalga1@gmail.com

Mother’s Name: DIVINA CHEA ALGA

Father’s Name: JUNDEL GINGCO

II. Education Background

 54

Senior High School: CARMEN NHS

Junior High School: CARMEN NHS

Elementary: DAWIS NORTE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE

I. PERSONAL DATA

Name: Michelle Andrade

Home Address: Dawis Norte, Carmen, Cebu

Gender: Female

Birthdate: June 16, 2000

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Citizenship: Filipino

Contact Number: 09324087887

Email Address: michelleandrade@gmail.com

Mother’s Name: Lorna M. Andrade

Father’s Name: Mackie C. Andrade

II. Education Background

 55

Senior High School: Carmen National High School

Junior High School: Carmen National High School

Elementary: Carmen Central Elementary School

RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE

I. PERSONAL DATA

Name: Camelle Banzon

Home Address: Malubog, Ipil, Carmen, Cebu

Gender: Female

Birthdate: July 20, 2003

Civil Status: Single

Religion:Roman Catholic

Citizenship: Filipino

Contact Number: 09057310473

Email Address: romerlacno@gmail.com

Mother's Name: Marichu B. Lacno

Father's Name: Reynaldo s. Lacno

II. Education Background

 56

Senior High School: Carmen National High School

Junior High School: Carmen National High School

Elementary: Hagnaya Elementary School

RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE

I. PERSONAL DATA

Name: Kressa Marie Banzon

Home Address: Malubog, Ipil, Carmen, Cebu

Gender: Female

Birthdate: December 25,2001

Civil Status: Single

Religion:Roman Catholic

Citizenship:Filipino

Contact Number: 09353741157

Email Address: kressabanzon251@gmail.com

Mother's Name: Marichu B. Lacno

Father's Name: Reynaldo S. Lacno

II. Education Background

 57

Senior High School: Carmen National High School

Junior High School: Carmen National High School

Elementary: Hagnaya Elementary School

RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE

I. PERSONAL DATA

Name: Kyla Zane Enriquez

Home Address: Cogon West, Carmen, Cebu

Gender: Female

Birthdate: February 2, 2003

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Citizenship: Filipino

Contact Number: 09050255876

Email Address: enriquezkyla7@gmail.com

Mother's Name: Gina E. Enriquez

Father's Name: Jonben L. Enriquez

II. Education Background

 58

Senior High School: Carmen National High School

Junior High School: Carmen National High School

Elementary: Baring Central Elementary School

RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE

I. PERSONAL DATA

Name: Vinz Carmel L. Geraldez

Home Address: Baring, Carmen, Cebu

Gender: Female

Birthdate: July 19

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Citizenship: Filipino

Contact Number: 09205906519

Email Address: carmelgeraldez@gmail.com

Mother’s Name: Melinda Geraldez

Father’s Name: Jonashien Geraldez

II. Education Background

 59

Senior High School: Carmen National High School

Junior High School: Carmen National High School

Elementary: Carmen Central Elementary School

RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE

I. PERSONAL DATA

Name: Mary Cris Gultiano

Home Address: Dawis Norte, Carmen, Cebu

Gender: Female

Birthdate: May 30, 2002

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Citizenship: Filipino

Contact Number: 09311039066

Email Address: marycrisgultiano@gmail.com

Mother’s Name: Wilma Gultiano

Father’s Name: Cirilo S. Pilapil

II. Education Background

 60

Senior High School: Carmen NHS

Junior High School: Carmen NHS

Elementary: Tisa II Elementary School