Differences between IPv4 and

IPv6
Differences between IPv4 and IPv6

• IPv4 and IPv6 are internet protocol version 4 and internet protocol

version 6, IP version 6 is the new version of Internet Protocol,
 What Is IPv4?
IPv4 is the fourth version of IP, which establishes the rules for computer
networks functioning on the principle of packet exchange. It can uniquely identify
devices connected to the network through an addressing system. Whenever a
device gets access to the Internet (whether it's a switch, PC, or other devices), it is
assigned a unique, numerical IP address such as 192.149.252.76 as shown below.
IPv4 Addressing
• IP Address
• 32-bit address
• Four 8-bit decimal values between 0 and 255 separated by
periods (octets)
• Subnet Mask
• 32-bit value of 0’s and 1’s
• 1’s designate network bits, 0’s are host bits
Network Host
Examples: IP Address 192.168.43.100
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
 Note

In classful addressing, the address space is divided into five classes:

A, B, C, D, and E.

19.5
Figure 19.1 Dotted-decimal notation and binary notation for an IPv4 address

19.6
Figure 19.2 Finding the classes in binary and dotted-decimal notation

19.7
IPv4 Classful Addressing
The three IPv4 address classes

© 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8

IPv4 Address Classes

IP Address Class Class A Class B Class C

First bit values (binary) 0 10 110

First byte value (decimal) 0–127 128–191 192–223

Number of network identifier bits 8 16 24

Number of host identifier bits 24 16 8

Number of possible networks 126 16,384 2,097,152

Number of possible hosts 16,777,214 65,534 254

© 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 9

Network Part and Host Part

• Network Part
• The network part specifies the unique number that is assigned to your
network. The network part also identifies the class of network that is
assigned. In Figure 5–3, the network part occupies two bytes of the
IPv4 address.
• Host Part
• This is the part of the IPv4 address that you assign to each host. The
host part uniquely identifies this machine on your network. Note that
for each host on your network, the network part of the address is the
same, but the host part must be different.
Classes of IP Addresses
0 1 8 16 24 31
• Class A Example: MIT
0 Ntwk Host
18.*.*.*

1-126
0 2 8 16 24 31
Example: NEU
 Class B 10 Network Host
129.10.*.*

128-191
0 3 8 16 24 31
Example:
 Class C 110 Network Host
216.63.78.*

192-223 11
Class Sizes
Way too big
Class Prefix Network Number of Classes Hosts per Class
Bits Bits
A 1 7 27 – 2 = 126 224 – 2 = 16,777,214
(0 and 127 are reserved) (All 0 and all 1 are reserved)
B 2 14 214 = 16,398 216 – 2 = 65,534
(All 0 and all 1 are reserved)
C 3 21 221 = 2,097,512 28 – 2 = 254
(All 0 and all 1 are reserved)
Total: 2,114,036

Too many Too small to

network IDs be useful
12
Note

In classful addressing, a large part of the available addresses were

wasted.

19.13
Table 19.2 Default masks for classful addressing

19.14
Note

Classful addressing, which is almost obsolete, is replaced with

classless addressing.

19.15
19-2 IPv6 ADDRESSES

Despite all short-term solutions, address depletion is

still a long-term problem for the Internet. This and other
problems in the IP protocol itself have been the
motivation for IPv6.

Topics discussed in this section:

Structure

Address Space

19.16
Note

An IPv6 address is 128 bits long.

19.17
 Features of IPv6
• Larger Address Space
• Aggregation-based address hierarchy
– Efficient backbone routing
• Efficient and Extensible IP datagram
• Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
• Security (IPsec mandatory)
• Mobility
128-bit IPv6 Address
3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234

8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated by “:”

Leading zeros can be removed

3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234

:: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers

Figure 19.14 IPv6 address in binary and hexadecimal colon notation

19.20
Figure 19.15 Abbreviated IPv6 addresses

19.21
 Example 19.11

Expand the address 0:15::1:12:1213 to its original.

Solution

We first need to align the left side of the double colon to the left of the original pattern and the right

side of the double colon to the right of the original pattern to find how many 0s we need to replace

the double colon.

This means that the original address is.

19.22
IPv4 Addressing Concepts and Their IPv6
Equivalents
IPv4 Address IPv6 Address
Address Length – 32 bits 128 bits
Address Representation - decimal hexadecimal

Internet address classes Not applicable in IPv6

Multicast addresses (224.0.0.0/4) IPv6 multicast addresses (FF00::/8)

Broadcast addresses Not applicable in IPv6

Unspecified address is 0.0.0.0 Unspecified address is ::

Loopback address is 127.0.0.1 Loopback address is ::1

Public IP addresses Global unicast addresses

Private IP addresses (10.0.0.0/8, Site-local addresses (FEC0::/10)

172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16)
Autoconfigured addresses (169.254.0.0/16) Link-local addresses (FE80::/64)

23
IPv6 Packet Format