GEOWISATA

GL4022

6. SUNGAI
 Karakteristik Tahapan Sungai

Karakteristik Muda Dewasa Tua

Saluran lurus berkelok bermeander

Bentuk lembah V U U lebar asimetri

Dasar lembah Bedrock, berjeram, Sebagian aluvial, Aluvial, tidak ada

cascade, air terjun berjeram, rapid jeram

Sedimentasi Hampir tidak ada Point bar Point bar, flood

plain
erosi Vertikal dominan Vertikal - lateral Lateral dominan

Hubungan Efluent atau tidak Umumnya efluent Umumnya influent

dengan air ada kontak (air sungai mengisi
tanah akifer)

Lebar lembah = lebar penampang < 10 x lebar >10 x lebar

basah penampang basah penampang basah
 Muda: G. Malabar Dewasa: Kintom, Banggai

Dewasa: Kali Brantas Tua: S. Mimika, Papua

Pegunungan:
Bedrock stream

Transisi
Peg – Dataran:
Kipas Aluvial:
Braided stream

Kaki Peg/Dataran:
Berkelok

Dataran Pantai:
meander

Delta:
distributary
DINAMIKA ALIRAN SUNGAI
dan LERENG LEMBAH yang terbentuk
PERKEMBANGAN
ALIRAN SUNGAI
DINAMIKA ALIRAN SUNGAI VS LERENG
ENDAPAN KIPAS ALUVIAL
ENDAPAN SUNGAI BRAIDED

Palu, Sulteng
DINAMIKA
ALIRAN SUNGAI
VS LERENG
 Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS)
= drainage basin (cekungan pengeringan)
= catchment area (daerah tangkapan air)
= watershed (daerah limpasan air)

Adalah suatu daerah/area/luasan di permukaan Bumi tempat dimana air yang

disuplai oleh hujan dialirkan menuju lautan melalui jaringan lembah sungai,
termasuk danau di dalamnya.
 Class I: Waves small; passages clear;
               
Easy. no serious obstacles.
            

Class II: Rapids of moderate difficulty with passages clear.

               
Medium. Requires experience plus suitable outfit and boat.
            
Waves numerous, high, irregular; rocks; eddies;
Class III: rapids with passages clear though narrow,
               
Difficult. requiring expertise in manoeuvring; scouting
            
usually needed. Requires good operator and boat.
Long rapids; waves high, irregular; dangerous
rocks; boiling eddies; best passages difficult to
Class IV: scout; scouting mandatory first time; powerful and
               
Very difficult. precise manoeuvring required. Demands expert
            
boatman and excellent boat and good quality
equipment.
Exceedingly difficult, long and violent rapids,
following each other almost without interruption;
Class V: riverbed extremely obstructed; big drops; violent
                Extremely current; very steep gradient; close study essential
             difficult. but often difficult. Requires best person, boat, and
outfit suited to the situation. All possible
precautions must be taken.
International Scale of
                Class VI (or U) Unrunnable. River Difficulty
            
Class I: Easy. Fast moving water with riffles and small waves. Few obstructions, all obvious and easily missed
with little training. Risk to swimmers is slight; self-rescue is easy.

Class II: Novice. Straightforward rapids with wide, clear channels which are evident without scouting.
Occasional maneuvering may be required, but rocks and medium sized waves are easily missed by trained
paddlers. Swimmers are seldom injured and group assistance, while helpful, is seldom needed.

Class III: Intermediate. Rapids with moderate, irregular waves which may be difficult to avoid and which can
swamp an open canoe. Complex maneuvers in fast current and good boat control in tight passages or around
ledges are often required; large waves or strainers may be present but are easily avoided. Strong eddies and
powerful current effects can be found, particularly on large-volume rivers. Scouting is advisable for inexperienced
parties. Injuries while swimming are rare; self-rescue is usually easy but group assistance may be required to avoid
long swims.

Class IV: Advanced. Intense, powerful but predictable rapids requiring precise boat handling in turbulent water.
Depending on the character of the river, it may feature large, unavoidable waves and holes or constricted passages
demanding fast maneuvers under pressure. A fast, reliable eddy turn may be needed to initiate maneuvers, scout
rapids, or rest. Rapids may require ''must'' moves above dangerous hazards. Scouting is necessary the first time
down. Risk of injury to swimmers is moderate to high, and water conditions may make self-rescue difficult. Group
assistance for rescue is often essential but requires practiced skills. A strong Eskimo roll is highly recommended.

Class V: Expert. Extremely long, obstructed, or very violent rapids which expose a paddler to above average
endangerment. Drops may contain large, unavoidable waves and holes or steep, congested chutes with complex,
demanding routes. Rapids may continue for long distances between pools, demanding a high level of fitness. What
eddies exist may be small, turbulent, or difficult to reach. At the high end of the scale, several of these factors may
be combined. Scouting is mandatory but often difficult. Swims are dangerous, and rescue is difficult even for
experts. A very reliable Eskimo roll, proper equipment, extensive experience, and practiced rescue skills are
essential for survival.

Class VI: Extreme. One grade more difficult than Class V. These runs often exemplify the extremes of difficulty,
unpredictability and danger. The consequences of errors are very severe and rescue may be impossible. For teams
of experts only, at favorable water levels, after close personal inspection and taking all precautions. This class does
not represent drops thought to be unrunnable, but may include rapids which are only occasionally run.
were filmed on
the Kootenai
River In Montana.
Additional scenes
were filmed on
the Rogue River,
in Southern
Oregon and the
Middle Fork of the
Flathead River.
Kelas 5: Sulit Ekstrim/Expert
Kelas 6: Unrunnable/Extreme
 Kelas 4:
Sangat Sulit/
Advance
 Kelas 3:
Sulit/
Intermediate
Kelas 2:
Sedang/
Novice
Kelas 1:
Mudah
Kelas 0 ? : Mudaaaaah banget!
Kelas 4 (Musim Hujan); Kelas 3 (Kemarau)
Pegunungan Lipatan
Kelas 3: Palayangan, Pangalengan

Jabar Selatan:
Gunung Api Tua

Ci Pandak Hulu: Kelas 2

Ci Pandak Hilir: Kelas 1

 “Green Canyon”
Kelas 1: Ci Julang
Cukangtaneuh, Pangandaran

Kars
Menyusur Sungai

Luk Ulo, Karangsambung, Kebumen

Cukang Rahong – Curug Halimun
Ci Tarum Lama
POT HOLES CASCADES RAPIDS
 Geowisata Sungai
1. Tentukan jalur di kelas kesulitan sungai
2. Kelas 2 – 6: penjelasan dan interpretasi geologis bisa
dilakukan sebelum atau sesudah pengarungan sungai
3. Kelas 1, interpretasi bisa dilakukan sambil
pengarungan sungai
4. Memungkinkan untuk stop pada segmen sungai
tertentu dan dilakukan penjelasan
5. Selain interpreter, instruktur rafting mutlak menjadi
keharusan
6. Sekalipun penelusuran sungai (jalan kaki) dengan
interpretasi yang lebih fokus, tetap harus diperhatikan
kondisi cuaca.
 Beberapa yang menarik ttg
geowisata sungai
1. Pola aliran, tipe genetik, tahap sungai, dan perilaku
serta sifat-sifat sungai
2. Kontrol geologi (batuan, struktur, stratigrafi)
terbentuknya air terjun, jeram (cascade, rapids, dsb),
meandering.
3. Fenomena sedimentasi dan erosi (point bar,
longtudinal bar, levee, pot hole, dsb)
4. Material yang dibawa sungai (lumpur, pasir, terutama
kerikil dan bongkah  suiseki dan
batupermata/gemstones)
5. Flora dan fauna (tambahan)
6. Cerita setempat (tambahan)
Curug Dago: Lava 48 ka
Curug Jompong:
Intrusi dasitis Pliosen