DIANNE L.

VILLAFUERTE BSDRM 3D
ER316

1. What is your insight about River Dynamics? Explain

• The various relationships and processes that mold rivers' morphology and behavior throughout
time are referred to as river dynamics. It includes the investigation of how rivers react to
different environmental conditions as well as how they erode, transport, and deposit sediment.
2. Explain the Principle of Laminar Flow.
• In fluid dynamics, the idea of laminar flow describes how a fluid (liquid or gas) behaves
when it passes through a conduit, such a pipe. Smooth, organized layers of fluid particles
that travel in parallel with little interruption between layers are the hallmark of laminar
flow. In contrast, turbulent flow is characterized by flows and swirls as the fluid particles
travel in erratic, unpredictable patterns. When the fluid viscosity is high, the conduit
dimensions are small, or the fluid velocity is relatively low, laminar flow is frequently
observed. In practical terms, laminar flow is frequently preferred in specific applications,
where turbulence and mixing may be undesirable. Examples of these applications
include precise chemical processes, medical devices, and the movement of specific fluids
in microfluidics.
3. Differentiate Upstream and Downstream Vs.
• "Downstream" describes actions that are closer to the end-user or consumer and
"upstream" describes activities that are later in a process or closer to the source.
4. Give 3 river features and explain if its harmful to swimmers or not.
• Swimmers may be harmed by strong currents. It can be difficult for swimmers to stay
afloat and navigate safely in strong currents. They can wear you out and make you more
likely to drown, especially if you're a weak or unskilled swimmer. For swimmers, high
turbidity might be dangerous. rocks and submerged structures can be quite dangerous
to swimmers. Dark water can also make it difficult for swimmers to identify possible
hazards beneath the surface, such as rocks, logs, or uneven terrain. Accidents involving
these obstacles may cause minor cuts and bruises or more serious injuries like fractures
or concussions. To prevent potential hazards, swimmers should use caution and be
aware of the makeup of the water's surface.
5. Enumerate the 5 river hazards and explain how to avoid each.
• Swift Currents: Determine the current's strength and speed before getting in the water.
Steer clear of swimming in locations with swift currents, particularly if you are not a
confident swimmer. When approaching or in rapidly moving water, wear a life jacket at
all times.
• Underwater obstacles: Watch out for any submerged objects that might be concealed beneath
the water's surface, such as logs, pebbles, and other obstacles. If you're floating, use a walking
 stick to observe the surface of the water in front of you. Otherwise, utilize a watercraft suitable
for the circumstances of the river. Recognize the terrain and any possible dangers.
• Changes in Water Level: Pay attention to the weather conditions upstream because
prolonged periods of heavy rain might cause the water level to rise quickly. Recognize
the normal behavior of the river and stay away from locations that are prone to sudden
flooding. Make appropriate plans for your actions and be ready to relocate to a higher
location if needed.
• Cold water: Even in warmer weather, exposure to cold water can result in dehydration.
Wear a dry suit or wetsuit if necessary, and dress according to the temperature of the
water. Keep an eye on how long you spend in the water, and have warm, dry clothes
ready for when you come out.
• Objects such as fallen trees or branches that permit water to flow through but have the
ability to capture and imprison an individual are known as strainers. By properly
navigating the river and keeping control of your watercraft, you can prevent floating
towards strainers. Try to climb on top of a strainer if you find yourself stuck in one, as
opposed to becoming stuck underneath.