TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (YAMETHIN)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Design Calculation of Air Braking System For Volvo FH12

First - Seminor
By
Maung Eant Phone Kyaw
VI Me-13

Supervisor – Daw Khin San Htay

Co-supervisor – U Maung Maung Soe
Date: 6.12.2022
Member – U Aung khant Ko Ko
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 Outline of Presentation

 Introduction
 Aim And Objectives
 History of Air Braking System
 Operation of Air Brake System
 Types of Air Braking System
 Components of Air Brake System
 Design Procedure
 Future Plan

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Introduction

 An air brake or, more formally, a compressed air brake system, is a type of

friction brake for vehicles in which compressed air pressing on a piston is used to

apply the pressure to the brake pad needed to stop the vehicle.

 Air brakes are used in large heavy vehicles, particularly those having multiple

trailers that must be linked into the brake system, such as trucks, buses, trailers,

and semi-trailers in addition to their use in railroad trains.

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 Aim and Objectives

 To identify the components of air braking system

 To estimate safety requirements of working on an air brake system

 To estimate what is mean by pneumatic and working principle

 To observe the theory of air braking system

 To calculate the design of air compressor and safety valve in Volvo FH12

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 History of Air Braking System

 The first Air Braking system was made by George Westinghouse in 1869,which
was a triple valve air braking system.
 On April 13, 1869, George Westinghouse received a patent for what has since been
called, “the most important safety device ever known” – the air brake.

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 First Air Brake in Automobile

 Automobiles began using air brakes from 1908 & the first car to have them was
named as Tincher.

Fig:1 Tincher 1908

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Operation of Air Brake System

 When the brake pedal is pushed the brake valve opens and compressed air is
allowed into the brake chamber. 
The brake valve consists of three passages.
1. Air intake 
2. Exhaust 
3. Brake chamber

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Types of Air Braking System
There are two main type of air brakes.
 The first kind is commonly used for trucks and trains. This kind of brake works along
side a disc or drum braking system but does not use friction to stop the vehicle, nor
does it use fluid. Instead air pressure is applied to the brake which causes it to stop
with much less heat generated.
 The other kind of air brake system uses electronic power to create the air pressure that
slows vehicles down. These two types of system are the most commonly used air
brake systems.

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 Components of Air Braking System

A basic air brake system capable of stopping a vehicle has the

following components:
 Air Compressor
 Air Filter
 Air Dryer
 Air reservoir Tank
 Foot valve
 Brake Chamber
 Brake Assembly
 S-cam
 Air Lines
 Safety valve

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 Air Compressor

 Compressor works on the engine power. The compressor takes air from the
atmosphere and compresses it and sends to the Storage tank.

Fig:2 Air Compressor

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 Air Filter

 Air Filter is used before the compressor to remove the dust particals from the
air,  before entering into the compressor.

Fig:3 Air Filter

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 Air Dryer

 Air Dryer is used before the compressor to remove the moisture from the air, 
before entering into the compressor. Because moisture damages the Compressor
Blades.

Fig:4 Air Dryer

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 Air Reservoir Tank

 It Stores the Compressed Air receives from the Compressor.

Fig:5 Air Reservoir Tank

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 Foot Valve

 Foot Valve is used to draw compressed air from reservoirs when it is needed for
braking.
 This foot-operated valve applies air to operate the brakes.

Fig:6 Foot Valve

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 Brake Chamber

 It is consists of the Diaphragm, Return spring.

Fig:7 Brake Chamber

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 Brake assembly

 Brake assembly includes brake chamber and slack adjuster mounted on the
backing–plate because of the steering action.
 A brake chamber is usually mounted on the axle, near the wheel that is to be
equipped for braking.

Fig:8 Brake assembly

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 S-cam

 "S" cam brakes. The “S” cam brake is the most common type of foundation brake
used on commercial vehicles with air brake systems.
 This is a drum brake that uses air brake chambers and linkage to press the brake
shoes against the surface of the brake drum.

12/31/2022 Fig:9 S-cam 17

 Air Lines

 The air brake system has two air lines. These are supply lines and services lines.

Fig:10 Air lines

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 Safety valve
 This Valve is used on the storage tank to maintain the pressure in inside the tank
& removes the excessive air from the tank.

Fig:11 Safety valve

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 Working Principle of air braking system

Fig:12 Air Brake

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System Diagram 20
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 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR AIR BRAKING SYSTEM

START

PLANNING

Diagram

DATA CHECK OUT

CALCULATION

RESULT OUT
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 Theory of Braking System

Stopping Distance Stopping Time

d= t =

d = Stopping distance in meters

V = Velocity of the vehicle in m/s
μ = adhesion factors
g = acceleration due to gravity
t = Stopping time in seconds
v = velocity of vehicle
a = deceleration

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 Braking efficiency

ηBr = × 100

a Br = Braking retardation
g = acceleration due to gravity

No Condition of brake Braking efficiency

1 Ideal 100
2 Perfect 90
3 Very good 70
4 Fair 60
5 Bad 30

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 Kinetic energy

K.E = × m × v2

Work done on brake = K.E

W=F×d

FR d =
R- vertical reaction
V- vehicle Speed
W- weight
FR-Frictional Resistance
C.G- Centre of Gravity

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 Air Compressor Calculation

CFM of compressed air required to raise a known system pressure

to a desired system pressure C2 = Required CFM total

C1 = Existing or known CFM

P2 = Desired pressure
C2 = C1 ×

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 Friction Resistance and coefficient of friction

FR = μR

FR = Frictional resistance

R = vertical reaction

μ = Coefficient of friction between tyre and road surface

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 Future plan of thesis

 To know about the air braking system of Volvo FH12

 To describe the braking theory of automobile

 To measure the details of air compressor and safety valve in Volvo FH 12

 To calculate the design calculation of air compressor and safety valve

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 Volvo FH 12

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 THANK YOU

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