SECE- ECE

OME754 - Industrial Safety

 Industrial Noise Pollution
Noise pollution is not physically seen like any
other pollutants air and water, thus, we are not
much bothered about the harmful effects of
Noise pollution that effects us just like slow
poison.
 Sources of Noise Pollution
The sources of noise pollution can be divided in two categories.
1. INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
Industrial noise is due to big machines, cutting, grinding, packaging,
transportation of materials etc.

2. NON-INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
Non-industrial sources can be mainly loudspeakers, automobiles,
trains, aircrafts, construction work, radio, cassettes, CD players etc.
Various Sources of Industrial Noise Pollution
 Rotors  Production fabrication
 Stators  Production assembly
 Gears  Power generation
 Fans  Processing
 Vibrating panels  Self-propelled working machines
 Turbulent fluid flow  In-plant conveying systems
 Impact processes
 Internal combustion engines
 Electrical machines
etc.
 Transport vehicles
 Noise Source at Production Installation
 The major noise sources are flow of oil, water and gas
through pipes, valves etc.
 The noise level close to valves is in between 80 - 90
dB(A).
 The noise level close 40 mts. from the flare is around
70dB(A).
 The general noise level ranges between 70 – 90 dB(A)
Various Noise Processing Industries
 Iron and steel industry
 Saw mills
 Textile mills
 Airports and aircraft maintenance shops
 Crushing mills, etc.,
 Noise Limit
Noise limit levels vary from country to country
so generally the following values may be
recommended for all type of industries

• Warning Limit Value : 85dB

• Danger Limit Value : 95dB
Ambient Level of Noise in Various Zones
AREA CODE ZONE DAY dB(A) NIGHT dB(A)

A Industrial 75 70

B Commercial 65 55

C Residential 55 45

D Silence 50 40
There are two types or classes assigned to sound level
meters: 
type 1 / class 1 or type 2 / class 2.
• type 1 / class 1 for assessing noise in basic industrial,
commercial, educational, recreational or residential
applications,
• a type 2 / class 2 sound level meter usually will suffice.
 Noise Measuring Instruments
• Sound Level Meter
• Octave Band Analyser
• Dosimeters
Sound Level Meter
Octave Band Analyser
Dosimeters
Effects of Noise on the Auditory System
 Effects of Noise Pollution
 Hearing Problems
 Health Issues
 Sleeping Disorder
 Cardiovascular Issues
 Trouble Communicating
 Effect on Wildlife
Infrasound
 Infrasound
 Infrasound, sometimes referred to as low-frequency
sound, describes sound waves with a frequency below
the lower limit of audibility (generally 20 Hz).

 Hearing becomes gradually less sensitive as frequency

decreases, so for humans to perceive infrasound, the
sound pressure must be sufficiently high.
 Control of Noise
 Monitoring
 Audiometric Testing
 Record Keeping
 Hearing Protectors
Monitoring
Audiometric Testing
Record Keeping
Hearing Protectors
Vibrations
 Vibrations
• When we are sitting in our home or any place where we
are fully or partially touching the ground and suddenly
earthquake comes which shakes everything, Its Vibration.
• when a fully automatic machine stops rotating and in the
end vibrates too much is vibration.
• The extra ordinary motion of anything around us is
considered as vibrations.
Causes of Vibrations
 Main Cause of Vibration
 Unbalanced force in the different parts of the machine.
 Lack of lubricants between two mating surface.
 External load or force which make system vibrant.
 Lack of balancing of force in machine part.
 Earthquakes
 Winds which may cause vibration in transmission and
telephone lines.
 Harmful Effects of Vibrations
 Produce excessive stresses.
 Produce undesirable noise.
 Reduce the machine element life.
 Partial or complete failure of machine parts.
 Energy waste.
 Elimination of Vibration
• Using shock absorber in vehicles.
• By using dynamic vibration absorbers.
• Using isolator between moving parts and
stationary parts.
 Fundamental of Vibrations
• Periodic motion - when a moving body repeats
its motion or itself after a equal interval of time,
then this motion is called periodic motion.
• Time period - Time taken to complete one cycle.
• Frequency - Number of cycles moved by a body
per unit time.
 Fundamental of Vibrations
• Amplitude of motion - The maximum displacement of a
vibrating body from the mean position.
• Natural frequency - frequency of free vibration of the
system and it will be constant for a given system.
• Resonance - when the frequency of external force is equal
to the natural frequency of the system, then this
condition is called resonance, and the amplitude of
vibration at the resonance become excessive.
• Damping - Resistance to the motion of the vibrating body.