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DTH2E3 – SISTEM KOMUNIKASI

Sistem Penerima FM

Yuyun Siti Rohmah, S.T,.M.T

D3 Teknologi Telekomunikasi - FIT

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FM receiver
FM receiver is similar to the superheterodyning (down
converting) layout:

A
BPF-RF
SFM(t)-IF S’FM(t)-IF

A’ D
mixer C BPF-IF limiter
Discrimi-
nator
Detektor
selubung

B
DC
LO
Blocking
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Up Converter (di Pemancar)

fosc—IF

MIXER fosc+IF

Filter
BPF-RF
IF RF

fosc

OSCILLATOR
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Down Converter (di Penerima)

fosc — RF

MIXER fosc + RF

Filter
BPF-IF
RF IF
fosc

OSCILLATOR
 Limiter
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•A limiter is a circuit whose output is constant for all input amplitudes above a
threshold
•Limiter’s function in an FM receiver is to remove unwanted amplitude variations of the
FM signal

Limiter
 Demodulasi Sinyal FM 6

Dengan menggunakan diskriminator/differensiator

•Pada sinyal FM, informasi terkandung pada frekuensi sinyal FM

 t

S FM t   Ac cos 2f IF t  2k f  m(t )dt 
 0 

•Jika dilakukan diferensiasi terhadap SFM(t) (keluaran

discriminator) didapat :
 t

 
S FM t   Ac 2f IF  2k f mt  sin 2f IF t  2k f  m(t )dt 
'

  

Informasi terkandung pada bagian selubung dari S’FM(t)

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Demodulasi Sinyal FM
•Keluaran detektor selubung (masukan DC blocking):
selubung dari S’FM(t)

 
S t   Ac 2f c  2k f mt 

DC blocking

•Keluaran DC blocking:

mˆ t   Ac 2k f mt   C.m(t )

Discriminator
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•The heart of FM is this relationship

fi(t)=fc+kfm(t)

•What we need is a device that linearly follows inst. frequency

fcarrier is at the IF frequency

Of 10.7 MHz
Disc.output

-75 KHz
+75 KHz
fcarrier f

Deviation limits

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Examples of discriminators

•Slope
detector - simple LC tank circuit operated at its most linear
response curve

This setup turns an FM signal

output into an AM

fc fo f
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Zero crossing detector

FM Zero Output
Hard Multi- Averaging
Crossing
limiter vibrator circuit
detector

FM input

Hard limiter
more frequent
ZC’s means
higher inst freq
in turn means
ZC detector Larger message
amplitudes

multiV

Averaging circuit
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Commercial FM
•Commercial FM broadcasting uses the following parameters
Baseband:15KHz = W = fm
Deviation ratio:5 (index modulasi)
Peak freq. Deviation=75KHz
BFM=2(+1)W=2x6x15=180KHz
 Commercial FM spectrum
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•The FM landscape looks like this

25KHz guardband
carrier

FM station A FM station B FM station C

150 KHz

200 KHz
 FM stereo:multiplexing
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•First,
two channels are created; (left+right) and (left-right)
•Left+right is useable by monaural receivers

Left channel
mono +
Right channel + (left+right)
+
- (left-right)
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Subcarrier modulation

•The
mono signal is left alone but the difference channel is amplitude
modulated with a 38 KHz carrier
Left channel
+ Composite baseband
mono
+
Right channel +

+ DSB-SC
fsc=38 kHz

fsc= freq
-
38KHz divider
 Stereo signal 15

•Composite baseband signal is then frequency modulated

Composite baseband
Left channel
A +
 C mono
+
FM

Right channel + H transmitter

I
B +
 D DSB-SC
fsc=38 kHz F
-
G
fsc= (:2) freq

E divider
38KHz

FM stereo multiplexing

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Stereo spectrum

•Baseband spectrum holds all the information. It consists of composite

baseband, pilot tone and DSB-SC spectrum

Left+right
DSB-SC

19 KHz 38 KHz
15 KHz
 Stereo receiver 17

•First,FM is stripped, i.e. demodulated

•Second, composite baseband is lowpass filtered to recover the
left+right and in parallel amplitude demodulated to recover the left-
right signal

Left+right
DSB-SC

19 KHz 38 KHz
15 KHz
 Stereo receiver diagram 18

+
lowpass
filter(15K)
Left+right B +
+
left
G
A
coherent detector
bandpass
at 38KHz C X E lowpass F - +
right
H
+

SA(f)
FM
receiver D
PLL
X lowpass

19 KHz 38 KHz
15 KHz
Divide 2 VCO
FM stereo demultiplexing
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REFERENSI
• Haykin, Simon, [1990]. An Introduction to Analog and Digital
Communication, John Wiley & Sons, Toronto Canada.
• Roden, Martin S. [1991]. Analog and Digital Communication Systems,
Third Edition Prentice-Hall International Inc., New Jersey USA
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TERIMA KASIH