Introduction To

Artificial
Intelligence
 What Is (Artificial) Intelligence?

 What is intelligence?
 The ability to learn or
understand from
experience
 The ability to acquire and
retain knowledge
 The ability to respond
quickly and successfully
to a new situation
 The ability to use reason
to solve problems

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 What Is Artificial Intelligence?
 If intelligence is
learning, understanding,
retaining, responding,
and using reason then
what is AI?
 Is mimicking such
phenomena using a
machine an expression
of artificial intelligence?

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 The Turing Test

 Place both a human and

a machine mimicking
human responses
outside the field of
direct observation and
use an unbiased
interface to interrogate
them. If the responses
are distinguishable, the
machine is not
displaying intelligence.

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Two Foci of AI

 Symbol processing
 An early thrust of AI research
 Stereotyped by expert systems, knowledge bases, and
inference engines
 Connectionist processing
 Typified by emergent computation
 Often leads to representations possessing large degrees of
parallelism

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An AI Processing Paradigm

Input
Sensor Response
Systems Planner
Stimulus

Effector Output
Systems
Response
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Some Key Contributors: A
Note on Origins
 McCulloch and Pitts (perceptrons)
 Turing, von Neumann, Shannon, and McCarthy
 Rosenblatt (perceptron learning)
 Minsky and Papert
 Widrow and Hoff (Adaline)
 Zadeh (fuzzy logic)
 Werbos, Rumelhart, McClelland, Hinton,
Parker, Le Cun
 Grossberg, Hopfield
 Holland, Goldberg, De Jong, Koza
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What Will We Study? Algorithms
and Representation

 Sensor systems
 Primarily one- and two-dimensional signal sources
such as sounds, image data, sunspot counts, or
values in a chaotic time series
 Other sensor data representation such as
ensemble codes and transforms
 Response planning
 Motion planning—TSP, resource allocation,
scheduling
 Search strategies—Swarms, GAs, Neural networks
 Effector systems
 Robot action control
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Robot Demos

 Simple line following

 Find-and-grab
 Robot tag
 Robot-to-robot communication (basis for cooperation)
 Multi-sensor processing
 Two sensor, line following

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