CIRCULATION

MAIN FEATURES GENERAL FUNCTIONS

The functional parts of the circulation are as follows:

• The arteries which transport blood under high pressure to the tissues

act as control conduits through which blood is released into the capillaries.
• The arterioles
which exchange fluids, nutrients,
waste products of metabolism, and other substances between the blood
• The capillaries and the interstitial fluid.

which collect blood from the capillaries into progressively larger

veins.
• The venules
conduits to transport blood from the tissues back to the heart; veins also
• The veins serve as reservoirs for blood.

• Contraction of the left side of the heart propels blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta, which
empties into smaller arteries, arterioles, and eventually capillaries.

• Blood leaving the tissues enters the venules and then flows into increasingly larger veins, which carry the
blood to the right heart.

• The right side of the heart then pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery, small arteries, arterioles, and
capillaries, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood and the tissues. From the
pulmonary capillaries, blood flows into venules and large veins and empties into the left atrium and left
ventricle before it is again pumped into the systemic
circulation.

Guyton and Hall (2021)

 NERVOUS SISTEM
MAIN FEATURES
Neurons are the
basic functional unit of the nervous system.
• nervous system is
composed of 80 to 100 billion neurons.
Much of the activity in the nervous system arises from
stimulation of sensory receptors located at distal
terminations of sensory neurons.
Signals travel over peripheral nerves to reach the
spinal cord and are then transmitted throughout the
brain.
Guyton and Hall (2021)
GENERAL FUNCTIONS
The four main functions of the nervous system are:
1)Control of body's internal environment to maintain
'homeostasis’
An example of this is the regulation of body temperature . 2)Programming
of spinal cord reflexes.
An example of this is the stretch reflex.
3)Memory and learning.
4)Voluntary control of movement.
Nervous System:Anatomy and Function- PT Direct