Respiratory and

Circulatory
System
Objectives this week

1 2 3 4 5 6
Identify the key Explain how the Describe how the Identify the Explain how Explain the
parts and lungs work. movement of the components of blood is different types
function of the diaphragm helps the circulatory pumped by the of circulation.
the air go in and
respiratory out of the lungs. System. heart.
system.
OBJECTIVES:

7. Explain how blood is pumped

by the heart; and,

8. Explain the mechanism of

how the respiratory and
circulatory systems work
PRE-TEST: Choose the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Which of the following statements about the human
respiratory system is FALSE?
A. The bronchioles branch into bronchi.
B. Alveolar ducts connect to alveolar sacs.
C. When we breathe in, air travels from the pharynx to the
trachea.
D. Gas exchange between the lungs and blood takes place in
the alveolus.
2. Why is the lung considered as the primary organ of
the respiratory system?
A. Because it is the largest organ of the system.
B. Because it has two parts: the right and left lungs.
C. Because it is located near the middle of the chest
cavity.
D. Because it contains the alveoli that is responsible for
gas exchange.
3. Which is the order of airflow during inhalation?
A. Nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli.
B. Nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli.
C. Nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi,
alveoli.
D. Nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli.
4. Which of the following statements about the
circulatory system is false?
A. Blood in the aorta is oxygenated.
B. Blood in the pulmonary vein is oxygenated.
C. Blood in the pulmonary artery is oxygenated.
D. Blood in the inferior vena cava is deoxygenated.
5. Which blood vessel carries blood from all parts
of the body to the heart?
A. Aorta
B. Vena Cava
C. Pulmonary vein
D. Pulmonary artery
NOSE
How do the
lungs work?
 What is
Circulatory
System?
Parts of the Human Heart

INFERIOR VENACAVA- CARRIES

DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM LOWER
BODY PARTS.
SUPERIOR VENACAVA- CARRIES
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM UPPER BODY
PARTS.
LEFT ATRIUM- RECEIVES
OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM
THE LUNGS.
LEFT VENTRICLE- PUMPS
OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM
THE HEART TO ALL PARTS OF
THE BODY.
RIGHT ATRIUM- RECEIVES
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM
THE UPPER AND LOWER PART
OF THE BODY.
RIGHT VENTRICLE- PUMPS
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM
THE HEART TO THE LUNGS.
PULMONARY ARTERY-
CARRIES DEOXYGENATED
BLOOD FROM THE RIGHT
VENTRICLE TO THE LUNGS.
PULMONARY VEINS- CARRIES
OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM
THE LUNGS TO THE LEFT
ATRIUM.
AORTA- LARGEST ARTERY IN
THE BODY THAT BRINGS
OXYGENATED BLOOD ALL
OVER THE BODY.
VALVE- THE STRUCTURE IN
THE HEART THAT
TEMPORARILY STOPS THE
FLOW OF FLUID OR THAT
ALLOWS FLUID TO MOVE IN
ONE DIRECTION ONLY.
 The Heart

This is a vein. It brings These are arteries.

blood from the body, They carry blood
except the lungs. away from the heart.

2 atria
Coronary arteries,
the hearts own
2 ventricles blood supply

The heart has four chambers

now lets look inside the heart

 The Heart

Artery to Lungs Artery to Head and Body

Vein from Head and Body

Vein from Lungs

Right Atrium
Left Atrium

valve valve

Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

 How does the Heart work?

STEP ONE

blood from the blood from

body the lungs

The heart beat begins when the

heart muscles relax and blood
flows into the atria.
 How does the Heart work?

STEP TWO

The atria then contract and

the valves open to allow blood
into the ventricles.
 How does the Heart work?

STEP THREE

The valves close to stop blood

flowing backwards.

The ventricles contract forcing

the blood to leave the heart.

At the same time, the atria are

relaxing and once again filling with
blood.

The cycle then repeats itself.

 blood from the heart gets around
the body through blood vessels

There are 3 types of blood vessels

a. ARTERY

b. VEIN

c. CAPILLARY
 The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

the elastic fibres allow

the artery to stretch
under pressure

thick muscle and

the thick muscle can
elastic fibres
contract to push the
blood along.
 The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards from the heart.

veins have valves

which act to stop the
blood from going in
the wrong direction.

thin muscle and

elastic fibres body muscles surround the veins
so that when they contract to
move the body, they also squeeze
the veins and push the blood along
the vessel.
 The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins

they exchange materials

between the blood and
other body cells.

the wall of a capillary

is only one cell thick The exchange of materials
between the blood and the
body can only occur through
capillaries.
 The CAPILLARY
A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.

artery vein

capillaries
body cell
 what’s in
digested food
red blood cells white blood cells

oxygen waste (urea)

carbon dioxide platelets

plasma hormones
 The Blood

red blood cell white blood cell

platelets plasma
Functions of the blood
1. Transportation of dissolved gases,
nutrients, hormones and metabolic
wastes.
2. Protection against toxins,
pathogens, and blood loss injuries.
3. Stabilization of body temperature.
 Plasma
It also contains useful
things like;

• carbon dioxide
A straw- • glucose
coloured • amino acids
liquid that
carries the • proteins
cells and the • minerals
platelets
which help • vitamins
blood clot. • hormones
• waste materials
like urea.
 Red Blood Cells

a biconcave disc contain hemoglobin, a

that is round and molecule specially
designed to hold
flat without a oxygen and carry it to
nucleus cells that need it.

can change shape to

an amazing extent,
without breaking, as
it squeezes single
file through the
capillaries.
 White Blood Cells

there are many different types and

all contain a big nucleus.

the two main ones are the

lymphocytes and the macrophages.

macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro-

organisms .

some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy

invaders by dissolving them.
other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.
Platelets
Platelets are bits of cell
broken off larger cells.

Platelets produce
tiny fibrinogen
fibres to form a net.
This net traps other
blood cells to form a
blood clot.
3 types of Blood Circulation
1. Pulmonary Circulation- Movement of blood from
the heart, to the lungs and back to the heart.
2. Coronary Circulation- Movement of blood
through the tissues of the heart
3. Systemic Circulation- Movement of blood from
the heart to the rest of the body, excluding the
lungs.
Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts.

Lungs

the right side of the left side of

the system the system

deals with deals with

deoxygenated oxygenated
blood.
blood.
Body cells
Activity # 2
It’s blog time:
1. How do the heart and the lungs work
together?
2. What takes place when you inhale and
exhale?
3. What does blood deliver to every part of
the body?
4. Why is oxygen important to your body?