SCIENCE 10

MARITES BONDOC PANGANIBAN

SCIENCE TEACHER
 T E
P L A
O F S
E S RI E
Y P D A
T UN
B O

水滴石穿，绳锯木断
WATER DROPS PIERCE STONE;
ROPE SAWS CUT WOOD.
Chinese Saying
 DA RY
T BO UN
E R G EN
CO NV

Mary Wollstonecraft – British Philosopher & Feminist

CONVERGENT BOUNDARY

The place where the two plates come

together or converge is called a convergent
boundary.
Mary Wollstonecraft – British Philosopher & Feminist
Converging continental plate and an
oceanic plate
Converging two oceanic plates
Converging two continental plates
When two plates collide, the
density of the plates
determines which one
subducts. Oceanic crust is
made up mostly of basalt
igneous rock, while
continental crust is made up
mostly of granite igneous
rock.
 When oceanic crust collides with
continental crust, the oceanic crust
subducts because it is denser.
When oceanic crust converges with
continental crust, the denser oceanic
plate plunges beneath the continental
plate. This process, called subduction,
occurs at the oceanic trenches. The
entire region is known as a subduction
zone.
When two plates carrying oceanic crust meet at a
trench, the plate that is denser dives under the
other plate, the leading edge that reaches the
mantle melts and become magma. This magma
oozes up in the fissure or will create volcano.
 But when both continental and
continental plates collide, the collision
squeezes the two crust and form
mountains and mountain ranges.
 Continental lithosphere is low in density
and very thick. Continental lithosphere
cannot subduct. So when two continental
plates collide, they just smash together.
 The table below will give you an idea about the possible results
after movement of a convergent boundary.

Continental- Oceanic-Oceanic Continental-Oceanic

Continental
a. Mountain a. Trenches a. Trenches
Ranges b. Volcanic Island b. Volcanic Arc
b. Mountains Arc c. Subduction zone
c. High Plateau c. Generate shallow, d. Earthquake
d. Shallow intermediate or deep e. Tsunami
earthquake Earthquake
d. Tsunami
What I Have Learned
What is convergent boundary?

1. Convergent boundary
is formed when plates
move towards each
other.
What I Have Learned

Where does convergent plate

movement happens?
2. It can happen in continental-
continental crust, oceanic-oceanic
crust and continental-oceanic
crust.
What I Have Learned

When oceanic crust collide with

continental crust which will subduct?
3. The denser oceanic crust will
subduct beneath the continental plate
which is less dense.
What I Have Learned
When oceanic crust collide with
continental crust what will be formed?
4. Convergent boundary of continental-
oceanic crust the plate that is denser
will subduct forming the subduction
zone can lead also the formation of
trenches and volcanoes.
What I Have Learned
When oceanic crust collide with oceanic
crust what will be formed?
5. For oceanic-oceanic crust collision
can lead to the formation of volcanic
island arc.
What I Have Learned
When continental crust collide with
continental crust what will be formed?
6. For continental-continental
collision may result to the
formation of mountain ranges,
mountains, and high plateau.
What I Have Learned
What geologic event will occur when there
is convergent plate boundary movement?
7. When plates collide, there is the
occurrence of earthquake.
Divergent Plate Boundary

THERE IS NOT A PARTICLE OF LIFE WHICH DOES NOT BEAR

POETRY WITHIN IT.

Gustav Flaubert – French Novelist

The place where the two plates move
apart or diverge is called a
Divergent Boundary.
Most of the divergent plates occur at the
mid – ocean ridge. They are also called
水滴石穿，绳锯木断
WATER DROPS PIERCE STONE;

spreading centers or boundary.ROPE SAWS CUT WOOD.

Chinese Saying
 Two plates are moving away from each
other producing a narrow fracture in the
水滴石穿，绳锯木断
WATER DROPS PIERCE STONE;

ocean crust. ROPE SAWS CUT WOOD.

Chinese Saying
When two plates
move apart, it
results to
upwelling of hot
material called
magma from the
mantle.
水滴石穿，绳锯木断
WATER DROPS PIERCE STONE;
ROPE SAWS CUT WOOD.
Chinese Saying
This molten material
gradually cools to
produce new ocean
floor. In a slow and
unending manner
plates spread apart
and new oceanic
lithosphere forms. 水滴石穿，绳锯木断
WATER DROPS PIERCE STONE;
ROPE SAWS CUT WOOD.
Chinese Saying
 水滴石穿，绳锯木断
WATER DROPS PIERCE STONE;
ROPE SAWS CUT WOOD.
Chinese Saying
Divergent boundaries also occur on land.
When a divergent boundary develops on
land, two of the Earth’s plates slide
apart.

THERE IS NOT A PARTICLE OF LIFE WHICH DOES NOT

BEAR

POETRY WITHIN IT.

Gustav Flaubert – French Novelist

A common deep valley called a rift
valley forms along the divergent
boundary.

THERE IS NOT A PARTICLE OF LIFE WHICH DOES NOT

BEAR

POETRY WITHIN IT.

Gustav Flaubert – French Novelist

 For example, the
Great Rift Valley in
east Africa marks a
deep crack in the
THERE IS NOT A PARTICLE OF LIFE WHICH DOES NOT

African continent BEAR

POETRY
that runs about
WITHIN IT.

3,000 km. Gustav Flaubert – French Novelist

 This terrific diagram
outlines three different
stages of rift valley
formation using three
active rifts: the East
African Rift, the Red Sea THERE IS NOT A PARTICLE OF LIFE WHICH DOES NOT
BEAR

Rift, and the Mid-Atlantic POETRY WITHIN IT.

Ridge. Gustav Flaubert – French Novelist

What I Have Learned

What is divergent boundary?

1. Divergent boundary
occurs when two plates
move away from eachPOETRY
other.
THERE IS NOT A PARTICLE OF LIFE WHICH DOES NOT
BEAR

WITHIN IT.

Gustav Flaubert – French Novelist

What I Have Learned
Where is divergent boundary occurring?

2. Divergent boundaries can be

found mostly on oceanic crust
which resulted to the formation of
new ocean floor. But this also
THERE IS NOT A PARTICLE OF LIFE WHICH DOES NOT
BEAR

POETRY WITHIN IT.

happens in continental crust.

Gustav Flaubert – French Novelist
What I Have Learned
What are the effects of divergent boundary on oceanic plates?

3. Effects that are found at a divergent boundary

between oceanic plates include:
a. a submarine mountain range such as the Mid-
Atlantic Ridge
b. volcanic activity in the form of fissure THERE IS NOT A PARTICLE OF LIFE WHICH DOES NOT

eruptions BEAR

c. shallow earthquake activity POETRY WITHIN IT.

d. creation of new seafloor; and Gustav Flaubert – French Novelist

e. a widening ocean basin.
What I Have Learned
What are the effects of divergent boundary on
continental plates?

4. Divergent boundary
between continental plates
resulted to the creation of POETRY
rift
THERE IS NOT A PARTICLE OF LIFE WHICH DOES NOT
BEAR

WITHIN IT.

valleys.
Gustav Flaubert – French Novelist
Mary Wollstonecraft – British Philosopher & Feminist
Transform Boundary
Transform Boundary

The place where the two plates

slide past with each other is called
a transform boundary.
Earthquakes
frequently occur
on this type of
plate boundary.
Most of the
transform faults
are found on the
ocean floor.
Transform faults are part of
prominent linear breaks in the
sea floor known as Fracture zone
which include both the active
transform faults as well as they’re
in active extensions into the plate
interior.
The broad zone of shearing at a transform plate
boundary includes masses of rock displaced tens to
hundreds of miles, shallow earthquakes, and a
landscape consisting of long ridges separated by
narrow valleys.
The San Andreas
Fault is just one of
many active
earthquake faults in a
broad zone of
shearing along the
transform plate
boundary in the San
Francisco Bay Area.
What I Have Learned

What is transform fault boundary?

1. The transform boundary occurs

between plates that are sliding by
each other in opposite directions.
What I Have Learned

What geologic event will happen when

plates undergo transform fault?

2. Earthquakes frequently
occur on Transform Faults
boundary.
What I Have Learned

What are the effects of transform fault

movement?

3. Most transform faults are found on

the ocean floor. They commonly offset
active spreading ridges, producing zig-
zag plate margins, and are generally
defined by shallow earthquakes.