Hai

PHYSICS F4
students…..
I am Cikgu
Syikin….

THEME :
WAVES, LIGHT AND
OPTICS
Learning Area :
5.0 WAVE
Prepared by Cikgu Syikin SMKSA
CONTENT
STANDARD
5.2 :
Damping and
Resonance
 PUPILS ARE ABLE TO :

5.2.1 – Describe damping and resonance for an

oscillating/ vibrating system

5.2.2 – Justify the effects of resonance in our

LEARNING daily lives.
STANDARD

Prepared by Cikgu Syikin SMKSA

 5.2
Damping and Resonance

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 Damping

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 DAMPING

The oscillating system does not continue with the

same amplitude indefinitely except when the
system is oscillating in vacuum.

Diagram 1

Natural frequency is the frequency of a system

which oscillate freely without the action of an
external forces.

Diagram 2
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 Displacement - time graph for the oscillation of the simple pendulum

A
1
A
2 A Amplitude decreases
3 A4
A5

Frequency remain
Diagram 3 constant

Energy loses to surrounding is caused by the air resistance or friction

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 Amplitude - time graph for the oscillation of the simple pendulum

Diagram 4

Amplitude decrease The system experience a Finally the

with time gradual loss of energy oscillation will stop

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 Oscillating system experience loss of energy due to:

EXTERNAL INTERNAL
DAMPING DAMPING

Oscillating system loses energy Oscillating system loses energy

to overcome friction or air because of the stretching and
resistance. compression of the vibrating
particle in the system

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 How to overcome effect of damping?

By applying periodic external force on the oscillating

system.

The periodic external force transfer energy into the

oscillating system to replace the energy lost.
Diagram 5

Periodic force is a force which acts at specific time

intervals. Periodic force does not act continuously)

Diagram 5 – a girl uses his feet to pushes the swing to

maintain the oscillation.

Diagram 6 – a boy pushes the swing to maintain the

oscillation.
Diagram 6
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 RES ON AN CE

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 RESONANCE

When periodic force is applied to an oscillating system at its

natural frequency, the oscillating system is said to be at
resonance

Periodic force Applied to Oscillating system

( has force frequency) ( has natural frequency)
During resonance
(equivalent)
force frequency = natural frequency
System oscillates with its
natural frequency.

The oscillating system is at resonance

System oscillates with
( has resonance frequency)
maximum amplitude.

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 During resonance

System oscillates with its natural frequency.

System oscillates with maximum amplitude.

 TUNIING FORK KIT

2
Energy is transferred from tuning
Diagram 1 fork P to tuning fork Q.

3
Tuning fork Q vibrates with
1
maximum amplitude and
The vibrations of tuning fork P have
produces sound that can be
forced tuning fork Q to vibrate in
detected.
resonance with P

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 BARTON’S PENDULUM

1
The oscillation of brass pendulum X
transfer energy to pendulum A, B, C, D, E
and F causing all pendulums to oscillate.

2
Resonance happens to pendulum D
because pendulum D has the same
natural frequency as pendulum X.
Diagram 2
3
Pendulum D oscillate with the largest
amplitude.

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 EFFECT RESONANCE IN DAILY LIFE

Production of loud sound from musical instruments such as

trumpets, flutes and saxophones are result of resonance in the
air column.

Diagram 3
Diagram 4

An opera singer will break a wine glass if sings with their

“soprano voices at a high” frequency that equal to the
natural frequency of the glass, the wall of the glass
vibrates with the large amplitude

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 EFFECT RESONANCE IN DAILY LIFE

The radio and TV tuner can be used to select a certain

programmed. The electrical circuit in the tuner is set until
resonance is achieved at the frequency that we want.
Therefore, a strong electrical signal is produced.

Diagram 5

In 1940, the hanging bridge Tacoma narrows in Washington,

USA collapsed due to strong winds caused the bridge to
oscillate with large resonance and amplitude.

Diagram 6
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 EFFECT RESONANCE IN DAILY LIFE

Diagram 7
The london millennium footbridge was opened in June
2000. This bridge experienced unexpected oscillations
when 2000 pedestrians walked on it.

Over much noise from a moving bus. The frequency of the

engine vibrations is the same as some parts of the bus
that is loose. Thus, loud noise is produced by the
vibrations of the loose parts that are in resonance.
Diagram 8

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