PHILOSOPHICAL

FOUNDATIONS OF
P.E.
Winston B. Lausin Jr.

Oscar J. Zacarias Jr.

WHAT IS
PHILOSOPHY?
 It is the studies beings in their ultimate causes, reasons and
principles through the aid of human reason alone.

Philia – Love

Sophia – Wisdom

“The Love of Wisdom”

Love- strong desire for a particular desire

Wisdom – correct application of knowledge


A SYTEM OF VALUES BY WHICH
ONE LIVES AND WORKS (Wuest,
et,al.)
It is concerned with critical
examination of the fundamental
notions and assumptions of any
field that falls within human
experience. (Shrivastava)
BRANCHES OF
PHILOSHOPHY
 Metaphysics
seeks to address the
ultimate nature of reality,
that is, what is real and
exists. Speculative in its
approach, metaphysics
may be used to understand
the relationship between
mind and body or the
essential meaning of sport.
Epistemology
is the branch of philosophy concerned
with examining the nature of
knowledge. It uses critical, analytical
methods to examine the structure of
knowledge, its origin, and its limits.
This approach can help us defi ne

the nature of the discipline (i.e., body

of knowledge) of physical education,
exercise science, and sport.
 Logic

focuses on the examination of ideas

in an orderly and systematic way. Logic
uses a critical approach to study how
ideas relate to each other and applies
sound and reasoned judgment to decision
making. Logic can help members of our
fi eld design sound research approaches
or organize facts to document the
contribution of physical activity to well-
being .
 AXIOLOGY

Axiology examines the

nature of values. Two
extensions of axiology
are ethics and aesthetics.
 Ethics is concerned with issues of right
Ethics and wrong, responsibility, and
standards of conduct. Speculative in
nature, ethics examines moral values.
Moral reasoning helps people
determine what the right thing to do is
in each situation or circumstance. The
development of character, the nature
of fair play, and issues of justice are
just a few of the ethical concerns of
physical education, exercise science,
and sport.
 Aesthetics

the study of the nature of beauty

and art.
The beauty of skilled movement and
artistic expression through dance
enable us to see movement as an art
form.
GENERAL
PHILOSOPHIES
IDEALISM
The mind, developed through the acquisition
of knowledge, is of highest importance.
- Values exist independently of individuals.
- Fitness and strength activities contribute to
the development of one's personality.
- Horace Mann, Wordsworth, Kant, Plato,
and Descartes were idealists .
REALISM
- The physical world is real.
- A realist believes in the laws of nature, the scientific
method, and mind and body harmony.
- Religion and philosophy co-exist.
- Physical fitness results in greater productivity, physical
drills are important to the learning process, athletic
programs lead to desired social behavior, and play and
recreation help life adjustment.
- Aristotle was a realist.
PRAGMATISM
- Experience is key to life.
- Dynamic experience shapes individuals' truth.
- Education is child-centered.
- Varied activities present experiences that are more meaningful.
- Activities are socializing.
- Problem solving accomplishes learning.
- John Dewy and Charles Pierce were pragmatists.
NATURALISM
- This philosophy is materialistic.
- Things that exist are found only within the physical
realm of nature.
- Nature is valuable.
- The individual is more important than society.
- Self-activities accomplish learning and activities
more than physical in nature.
- Naturalists promote play and discourage high levels
of competition.
- Physical education takes a holistic approach.
EXISTENTIALISM
- The chief concern is individualism.
- Existentialists do not want the individual to conform to
society.
- They promote freedom of choice and a variety of interests.
- Individuals need to have their own system of values.
- Playing develops creativity and the discovery of the "inner
self."
- Sartre, Soren and Kierkegaard were Existentialists.
 MODERN
EDUCATIONAL
PHILOSOPHY
HUMANISM
- One of the modern philosophies of physical education that most
schools follow today.
- The basis of the humanistic philosophy is the development of
individual talents and total fulfillment that encourages total
involvement and participation in one's environment.
- Humanists encourage self-actualization and self-fulfillment.
- Curriculums based on the Humanistic approach are more student-
centered.
DUALISM/
- views the mind and the body as independent, with either the
mind or the body being superior.
 views the mind and the body as a fused,
MONOISM unifi ed entity.
SPORTS
PHILOSOPHY
is the systematic and refl ective study of
the truth, meanings, and actions of sport.
Sport philosophers use logic and
reasoning to gain a broader understanding
of how sport contributes to our lives, and
to analyze the principles that guide our
professional practices and actions.
Their work may now focus on the
value of different types of
physical activity or the
relationship of the mind and the
body. They also encourage the use
of logic and analytical skills to
address ethical issues and make
use of insight and knowledge to
promote positive change.
DEVELOPMENT OF
PERSONAL
PHILOSOPHY IN PE