Applied Mechanics

Lecture 1 & 2

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Applied Mechanics
• Applied science: The branch of science which co ordinates the research work
for practical utility and services of the mankind, is known as Applied Science.

• Engineering Mechanics: The subject of Engineering Mechanics is that branch

of Applied Science, which deals with the laws and principles of Mechanics,
along with their applications to engineering problems

• Applied Mechanics: Applied mechanics is a branch of the physical sciences

and the practical application of mechanics. Applied mechanics describes the
response of bodies (solids and fluids) or systems of bodies to external forces.

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Applied Mechanics
• Static: forces and their effects, while acting upon the bodies at rest.
• Dynamic: forces and their effects, while acting upon the bodies in
motion
• Kinetics: bodies in motion due to the application of forces.
• Kinematics: bodies in motion, without any reference to the forces
which are responsible for the motion.

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Fundamental Concepts
• Space: boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative
position and direction.
• Mass: Quantity of matter in a body ( Resistance to motion)
• Length: used to locate position of a point in space
• Time: succession of events
• Event: instantaneous physical situation or occurrence associated with a point in
spacetime
• Force: Push or pull exerted by one body on another
• Particle: it has a mass but its size is negligible
• Rigid body: Rigid body is combination of large number of particles in which all
particles remain at fix distance
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Fundamental Concepts
• Concentrated force: effect of loading assumed to act
at a point on a body
• Newton’s laws of motion: First law, Second Law,
third Law
• Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction
• Weight

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Fundamental Concepts

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Units for Measurement
• SI units
• Length- Meter
• Mass- Kg
• Time- second
• Density (Mass density) kg / m3
• Force N (Newton)
• Pressure N/mm2 or N/m2
• Work done (in joules) J = N-m
• Power in watts W = J/s
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Force and its Characteristics
• Force: Tends to produce, destroys or tends to destroy motion
• Change the motion of a body.
• Retard the motion of a body.
• Maintaining a body into rest or in equilibrium.
• Produces internal stresses in the body

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Force and its Characteristics
• Magnitude of the force
• The direction of the line, also known as line of action of the force.
• Nature of the force (i.e., whether the force is push or pull).
• The point at which (or through which) the force acts on the body.

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Force Systems
• Coplanar forces. The forces, whose
lines of action lie on the same plane,
are known as coplanar forces.

• Collinear forces. The forces, whose

lines of action lie on the same line, are
known as collinear forces

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Force Systems
• Concurrent forces. The forces, which meet at
one point, are known as concurrent forces.
• The concurrent forces may or may not be
collinear.

• Coplanar concurrent forces. The forces, which

meet at one point and their lines of action also
lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar
concurrent forces.

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Force Systems
• Coplanar non-concurrent forces. The forces, which do not meet at one point,
but their lines of action lie on the same plane, are known as coplanar non-
concurrent forces.

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Force Systems
• Non-coplanar concurrent forces. The forces, which meet at one point, but
their lines of action do not lie on the same plane, are known as non-coplanar
concurrent forces.

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Force Systems
• Non-coplanar non-concurrent forces. The forces, which do not meet at
one point and their lines of action do not lie on the same plane, are
called non-coplanar non-concurrent forces

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Force Systems
• Forces whose line of action are parallel to each other & all of them act
in same direction.

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Force Systems
• Forces whose line of action are parallel to each other but all of them
do not act in the same direction.

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Force Systems
• Identify……???

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Force Systems
• If a number of forces, P, Q, R ... etc. are acting simultaneously on a
particle
• Then it is possible to find out a single force which could replace them
• which would produce the same effect as produced by all the given
forces.
• This single force is called resultant force and the given forces R ... etc.
are called component forces

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Force System
• If a number of forces are simultaneously acting on a particle, then the
resultant of these forces will have the same effect as produced by all the
forces. “PRINCIPLE OF PHYSICAL INDEPENDENCE OF FORCES”

• If a force acts at any point on a rigid body, it may also be considered to act
at any other point on its line of action, provided this point is rigidly
connected with the body “PRINCIPLE OF TRANSMISSIBILITY OF
FORCES”

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