Changing Magnetic

Fields
BY KHALID ALFANNEY 12A
Changing Magnetic Fields
• An electric current can be generated in a wire in a circuit when at least part of the wire moves
through, and cuts, magnetic field lines. Field lines can be cut when a segment of wire moves
through a stationary magnetic field.
• Field lines also can be cut when a magnetic field moves past a stationary wire or when the
strength of a magnetic field changes around a wire. It is the relative motion between a wire and
a magnetic field that can cut field lines and produce current.

• Electromagnetic induction: is the process of generating current through a wire in a circuit in a

changing magnetic field.
Electromotive Force
• The potential difference given to the charges by a battery is called the electromotive force
(EMF).

• Electromotive force, however, is not actually a force; instead, it is a potential difference and is
measured in volts.
Direction of Current
• You can use a right-hand rule to find the direction of the induced current.
A straight wire, 0.30 m long, moves at a constant speed of 10.0 m/s perpendicular to a 0.20-T magnetic field. What is the
induced EMF in the wire? What is the current in the wire if it is part of a circuit with a resistance of 25 Ω?

EMF  BLv sin  

 0.20 T0.30 m10.0 m/s1
 0.60 V

V EMF 0.60 V
I    0.024 A
R R 25 
Induced EMF in microphones
• Microphones convert sound to electrical energy by
electromagnetic induction.

• The microphone shown has a diaphragm attached to a coil

of wire that is free to move in a magnetic field.
• Sound waves vibrate the diaphragm, which moves the coil in
the magnetic field, inducing an EMF across the ends of the
coil.
• The induced EMF varies as the frequency of the sound
varies. In this way, the sound wave is converted to an
electrical signal.