TYPES OF READING

DIFFICULTIES

Reading difficulties can appear in many different forms

and each child may need a different approach to how they
are supported in improving their reading skills.
 DYSPHONESIA

•  (Auditory) Children in this category have difficulty in reading

(decoding) words and spelling (encoding) words. It is also
known as Auditory Dyslexia, Phonological Dyslexia,
or Dysphonetic dyslexia. Learners with difficulty often are able
to memorise sight words but cannot sound out new ones or
figure out what they are.
DYSEIDESIA

• (Visual) (Also known as Surface Dyslexia or Visual Dyslexia). 

Children with the dyseidetic type of dyslexia are able to sound
out individual letters phonetically but have trouble identifying
patterns of letters in groups. Their spelling tends to be phonetic
even when incorrect (laf for laugh). Children in this group have
deficits in vision and memory of letters and word shapes, making
it difficult for them to develop a sight vocabulary.
 DYSNEMKINESIA

• (Motor) Reversal problems in writing and printing. This literally

means “poor memory of motor movements and this type
involves number and letter reversals. These children are
identified quite easily as they tend to reverse b/d p/q and words
such as no (on) and saw (was)

DYSPHONEIDESIA

• A combination of Dysphoneisa and Dyseidesia; this is also

called Mixed Dyslexia. This is a combination of phonological
and visual Dyslexia. These students have severe deficits in
reading as well as visual motor integration and working memory.
 DYSNEMKINEIDESIA

• A combination of motor difficulties (writing) and sight word

recognition.

DYSNEMKINPHONESIA

• A combination of phonetic (audio) and motor (writing) dyslexia

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING