BASKETBAL

L(PHYSICAL EDUCATION)
SO wHaT IS
BaSKETBaLL?
Basketball is a team sport,
wherein the objective is to
shoot a ball through a
basket horizontally
positioned to score points
while following a set of
rules. Usually, t w o teams
of five players play on a
marked rectangular court
w i t h a basket at each w i d t h
end. Basketball is one of
the world's m ost popular
and widely viewed sports.
A r e g u l a t i o n b a s k e t b a l l ho o p c o n s i s t s o f a r i m
18 i n c h e s in d i a m e t e r a n d 1 0 f e e t h i g h
mounted to a backboard. A team can score a
f ield go a l b y s h o o t i n g t h e ba ll t h r o u g h t h e
b a s k e t d u r in g re gular play. A field g o a l s c o r e s
t w o p o i n t s f o r t h e s h o o t i n g t e a m if a p la y e r is
touching or closer to the basket than the
t h re e - p o i n t line, a nd t h r e e points (known
c o m m o n l y a s a 3-pointer o r t h r e e ) if t h e
p l a ye r is b e h in d t h e t hr ee- po i nt line. T h e
team w it h the most points at the end of the
game w i n s , b u t a d d i t i o n a l t i m e (o ve r t ime )
m a y b e is su e d w h e n t h e g a m e e n d s w i t h a
d r a w . T h e b all c a n b e a d v a n c e d o n t h e c o u r t
by bouncing it w h i l e w a l k i n g o r ru n n i n g
(dribbling) o r t h r o w i n g (passing) i t t o a t e a m
m a t e . I t is a v i o l a t i o n t o move without
d r i b b l in g t h e b all (travelling), t o c a r r y it , o r t o
h o ld t h e ba ll w i t h b o t h h a nd s t h e n r e s u m e
d r i b b l in g (double dribble).
VaRIOUS vIOLaTIONS aRE
GENERa LLY Ca LLED "FO ULS."
DISRUPTIvE PHYSICaL CONTaCT (a
PERSO Na L FO UL) IS PENa LIZED,
a ND a FREE THRO w IS USUaLLY
a w a RDED TO a N O FFENSIvE
PLa YER IF HE IS FO ULED w HILE
SHO O TING THE Ba LL. A
TECHNICa L FO UL ma Y a LSO BE
ISSUED w HEN CERTa IN
INFRa CTIO NS O CCUR, mO ST
COmmONLY FOR
UNSPORTSmaNLIKE CONDUCT ON
THE Pa RT O F a PLa YER O R
CO a CH. A TECHNICa L FO UL GIvES
THE O PPO SING TEa m a FREE
THRO w .
MO REO vER, THE O PPO SING
B as k et ba l l has evolved m a n y c o m m o n l y used
t e c h n i q u e s of shooting. passing, dribbling, and
rebounding, as w e l l as specialized player
positions and offensive and defensive
s t r u c t u r e s (player positioning) and techniques.
Typically, t h e t a l l e s t m e m b e r s of a t e a m w i l l
play " c e n t e r , " " p o w e r f or w ar d, " or " s m a l l
f o r w a r d " positions, w h i l e s hort er players or
t h o s e w h o possess t h e b e s t ball handling skills
and speed play " p o i n t guard"
or " s h oot i ng guard."
Basketball w a s invented in December 1891 by
t h e C anadian c l e r g y m a n , e d u c a t o r , a n d
physician James Naismith. Naismith
introduced the game when he w a s an
instructor a t the Young Men's Christian
A s s o c i a t i o n T r a i n i n g S c h o o l ( n o w Sp r ing field
College) i n Springfield, M a s s a c h u s e t t s . A t
the r e q u e s t o f h i s s u pe r ior , Dr. L u t h e r H.
G u l i c k , h e o rg an iz e d a v i g o r o u s r e c r e a t i o n
suitable f o r i n d o o r w i n t e r play. T h e g a m e
involved elements of American football,
soccer, and hockey, and the first ball used
w a s a s o c c e r ball. T e a m s h a d n i n e play ers,
and the goals w e r e wooden peach baskets
a f f i x e d t o t h e w a l l s . B y 1897-1898, t e a m s o f
five became standard. The game rapidly
s p r e a d n a t i o n w i d e a n d t o Canada a n d o t h e r
parts of the world, played by both w o m e n
a
bned c ammeen ;a i tp oa pl suol a r i n f o r m a l o u t d o o r g a m e . U.S.
s e r v i c e m e n i n W orld War I I (1939-1945)
James Naismith
p op u la r iz ed t h e s p o r t i n m a n y o t h e r c o u n t r i e s .
In 1949 t w o subsequent professional leagues, th e National
Basketball League (formed in 1937) and th e Basketball
A s s o c i a t i o n o f A m e r i c a (1946) m e r g e d t o create the
N a t i o n a l B a s k e t b a l l A s s o c i a t i o n (NBA).
T h e B o s t o n C e l t i c s , l e d b y t h e i r c e n t e r B i l l Russell,
dominated the NBA from the late 1950s through the 1960s.
By the 1960s, pro tea m s from c oa st t o coa st played before
c r o w d s of many millions annually. Wilt Chamberlain, a
center for the Los Angeles Lakers, w a s another leading
p l a y e r d u r i n g t h e er a, a n d h i s b a t t l e s w i t h R u s s e l l w e r e
eagerly anticipated.
K a r e e m Abdul-Jabbar, also a center, c a m e t o prominence
during th e 1970s. Jabbar perfected his famed " s k y h o o k"
shot while playing for the Los Angeles Lakers and
dominated the opposition.
Bill Russell
 WILT CHAMBERLAIN

KAREEM A B D U L J A B B A R
 THE N B A SUFFERED A DROP I N POPULARITY DURING THE LAT E 1970S, B U T WAS
RESUSCITATED, PRINCIPALLY THROUGH THE GROWING POPULARITY OF ITS MOST
PROMINENT PLAYERS. LARRY BIRD OF THE BOSTON CELTICS, AND MAGIC JOHNSON OF
THE LOS ANGELES LAKERS ARE CREDITED W IT H INJE CT ING EXCITEMENT INT O THE
LEAGUE I N THE 1 9 8 0 S THROUGH THEIR SUPERIOR S K IL L S AND DECADE-LONG RIVALRY.
DURING THE LAT E 1 9 8 0 S MICHAEL JORDAN OF THE CHICAGO B UL L S ROSE TO STARDOM
AND HELPED THE B U L L S DOMINATE THE N B A DURING THE EARLY 1990S. A NEW
GENERATION OF B A S K E T B A L L STARS, INCLUDING SHAQUILLE O'NEAL OF THE ORLANDO
MAGIC AND LARRY JOHNSON OF THE CHARLOTTE HORNETS, HAVE SUSTAINED THE NBA'S
GROWTH I N POPULARITY.
LARRY BIRD MAGIC JOHNSON
MICHAEL JORDAN

SHAQUILLE O'NEAL

LARRY J O HN S O N
T h e f i r s t b a s i c s k i l l t o b e l e a r n e d i s s h o o t i n g E very b a s k e t b a l l p l a y e r l o v e s t o s h o o t t h e ball! T h e
m o s t p r a c t i c e d s k i l l i n t h e g a m e i s s h o o t i n g . P la ye rs s p e n d a g o o d d e a l o f t h e i r p r a c t i c e t i m e o n
s h o o t i n g d r i l l s t o i m p r o v e t h e i r s k i l l leve l. A f t e r all, i f y o u c a n ' t s h o o t , y o u c a n ' t s c o r e ! So, h e r e ' s
h o w you can improve your shooting skills in basketball:

• R e m e m b e r BEEF ( B a l a n c e , E l b o w , E l b o w . F o l l o w T h r o u g h ) w h e n s h o o t i n g t h e ball.

Be relaxed and concentrate on the basket.

• K n o w wh e n you have a good shot and then t ak e it.

• B e i n p r o p e r b a l a n c e w h e n s h o o t i n g t h e ball.

• Follow through on every shot you take.

• Jump naturally.

• " U p , hang, s h o o t ! " i s a n e a s y w a y t o r e m e m b e r t h i s .

• Make sure you have an arc on every shot you take.

• Be relaxed wh e n shooting free throws.

• P r a c t i c e a ll o f y o u r s h o t s .
 DRIBBLING

Dr i b b l i n g i n b a s k e t b a l l i s a s k i l l t h a t y o u s h o u l d m a s t e r . I t a l l o w s y o u t o m o v e a r o u n d t h e
c o u r t w h i l e y o u ' r e i n p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e ba ll. I t i s a l e g a l m e t h o d t h a t a l l o w s y o u t o a d v a n c e
w i t h the ball and ma ke a score as opposed t o t hat of passing it t o a t eammat e t o shoot it
for the basket. This move involves bouncing the ball off the floor w i t h your hands as you
cover th e floor. This is h o w it's done:

• Dr i b b l e t h e b a l l w i t h h a n d a n d u s e o n l y t h e t i p s o f y o u r f i n g e r i n d r i b b l i n g i t .

• Employ the w r i s t and the forearm t o push the ball while covering the court.

• D o n ' t i n v o l v e t h e w h o l e h a n d t o a v o i d l o s i n g c o n t r o l o f t h e ba ll.

• Don't keep your fingers in touch w i t h each other while dribbling

• Sp r e a d y o u r f i n g e r s t o a l l o w f u l l c o n t r o l o f t h e b a l l s a s i t d r i b b l e s .

• Dr ib bl e t h e b a l l i n o n e s i d e o f y o u r b o d y a n d n o t r i g h t i n f r o n t .

• Wh ile d r i b b l i n g i n o n e h a n d , u s e t h e o t h e r h a n d t o d r i v e y o u r d e f e n d e r a w a y f r o m t h e ba ll.
 Passing

Basketball is a t e am game. By definition, t h a t means all players are

i n v o l v e d w i t h t h e p r o c e s s o f p l a y i n g t h e g a m e a n d s h o u l d f u n c t i o n a s one.
One o f t h e p r i m a r y s k i l l s c r e a t e d t o a c c o m p l i s h t h i s i s pas sing. I t i s a
skill t h a t maximizes the involvement of all players in setting up a play t o
earn successful shots and earn points for the whole team. To learn more
a b o u t pas si ng, r e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g a n d p r a c t i c e a s i n s t r u c t e d :

•B a s i c a l l y , t h e r e a r e t w o t y p e s o f p a s s a i r p a s s a n d b o u n c e pass. A i r
p a s s t r a v e l s b e t w e e n p l a y e r s w i t h o u t h i t t i n g t h e floor. B o u n c e p a s s i s
t h r o w n t o the floor so t ha t i t bounces t o the intended receiver.

•A i r p a s s e s i n c l u d e c h e s t p a s s (a p a s s t h a t o r i g i n a t e s f r o m t h e c h e s t t o
t h e r e c e i v e r ' s c h e s t level), a n d o v e r h e a d p a s s (a p a s s t h a t o r i g i n a t e s
f r o m t h e f orehead). W i t h t h i s pass, a i m f o r y o u r t e a m m a t e ' s c h i n . Do n' t
b r i n g t h e b a l l b e h i n d y o u r head, b e c a u s e i t c a n g e t s t o l e n a n d i t t a k e s a
s p l i t - s e c o n d l o n g e r t o t h r o w t h e pass.
• I n e x e c u t i n g b o u n c e pa sse s , c a l c u l a t e a b o u t 3/3 d i s t a n c e
from the receiver as the hitting point so t h a t the ball
bounces right to your receiver. But for better accuracy, you
have to experiment by yourself because the bounce is
d i r e c t l y p r o p o r t i o n a l w i t h h o w s t r o n g t h e b a l l h i t s t h e floor.

• A good pass is a pass a teammate can catch.

• When p as si ng, s t e p t o w a r d y o u r r e c e i v e r .

• When c a t c h i n g , s t e p t o w a r d t h e pass.

• Like shooting, the ball should have a backspin t o it. This

i s a c c o m p l i s h e d b y f o l l o w i n g t h r o u g h o n e v e r y pass.
 Re b o u n d i n g

Rebounding is one of the major aspects of the game. I t is your ability t o jump w i t h po we r
t o gain possession of the ball as it bounces t o the rim after a failed shot before it touches
t h e flo or. J u s t h o w i m p o r t a n t i s r e b o u n d i n g ? W h e n e v e r y o u g r a b a r e b o u n d , y o u r t e a m
gains a chance t o shoot again while the other t e a m actually loses it. The difference is
double. So, h o w t o m a k e a g o o d r e b o u n d , h e r e ' s h o w :

• Practice good f o o t wo r k and vertical leap or jumps.

• A n t i c i p a t e w h e r e t h e b a l l w i l l land.

• The longer the shot or the harder the rim, the farther the bounces.

• Wh en a s h o o t e r i s a s o f t s h o o t e r , t h i s m e a n s h e a l w a y s t a k e s t i m e t o p u t a n a r c o n
h i s s h o t s , t h e b a l l b o u n c e s n e a r t h e ring.

• When a s h o o t e r i s a h a r d s h o o t e r , t h i s m e a n s t h e r e ' s a l i t t l e o r n o a r c o n h i s s h o t s ,
t h e n t h e b a l l b o u n c e s f a r f r o m t h e ring.

• Leg power and strong body are needed in rebounding that's w h y it is essential
that strength and power exercises should be considered to conditioning your
bo dy.
 R un ni ng

R u nni ng i s o n e o f t h e b a s i c s k i l l s t h a t á b a s k e t b a l l p l a y e r
should possess, because in this sport, speed defines the
best. Whether you're on the offensive or defensive side of the
g a m e , p a s s i n g , r e c e i v i n g , s h o o t i n g , o r r e b o u n d i n g a ball, y o u
always have t o run in any w a y possible. Here are some tips
for you to improve your running skills:

• A l w a y s h a v e a g o o d p a i r o f p l a y i n g s ho es .
• Always do a combination of dynamic stretching and warm-up
activities across the court before going out to play a game.
These exercises have already been introduced to you when
y o u w e r e i n Grade 7 b u t i n c a s e y o u h a v e f o r g o t t e n t h e m
a l r e a dy , h e r e t h e y are:
 DYNAMIC STRETCHING

Toe Walk Shuffle B a c k

Heel Walk pedal
Inch Walk Jog ging
High Knees Carioca
Jumping Jacks
Butt Kicks
 Court Dimensions
T h e size o f t h e c o u r t d e p e n d s o n t h e p l a y i n g le ve l. T h e size o f t h e c o u r t f o r N B A a n d
college games is 94 feet long and 50 feet wide. I t is smaller for high school and
j u n i o r h ig h .

The backboard and Rim

T h e r e g u l a t i o n h e i g h t a b o v e t h e g r o u n d f o r t h e r i m (hoop) i s 1 0 f e e t , a n d t h e r i m i s
1 8 i n c h e s i n d i a m e t e r . B a c k b o a r d s a r e s i x f e e t w i d e (72 i n c h e s ) b y 4 2 i n c h e s t a l l , w i t h
the inner square being 24 inches w i d e by 18 inches tall.

T h e Fou l L i n e
For a l l size c o u r t s t h e ' f o u l l i n e ' i s 1 5 f e e t i n t h e f r o n t o f t h e b a c k b o a r d

The Key
The key is 12 feet wide, and is the same for all basketball courts. The backboard extends
four feet out over the baseline into the key. A half circle of diameter 6 foot extends from
the foul line a w a y from the basket t o complete the key.

T h e 3-Point L i n e ( Ar c )
For N B A B a s k e t b a l l C o u r t s t h e 3 p o i n t a r c i s 2 2 f e e t t o t h e c e n t e r o f t h e r i m o n t h e s i d e s
w i t h a straight line extending out 16 feet 9 inches from the center of the rim.
 Line Markings
All line markings on the floor are t w o inches wide and can vary in color.

B. B a l l
The basketball is an inflated sphere w i t h an outer covering. It is 75 to 78 c m in
c i r c u m f e r e n c e a n d w e i g h s 600-650 g r a m s . I t m u s t b e m a d e o f l e a t h e r i n t h e
official FIBA competitions.

C. B a s k e t
B a s k e t i s a l s o c a l l e d go a l . I t i s m a d e u p o f h o r i z o n t a l c i r c u l a r m e t a l r i m . W i t h a
n e t h a n g i n g f r o m i t . I t i s m o u n t e d 3 . 05 m a b o v e f l o o r l e v e l .

D. B a c k b o a r d
The rigid rectangular board behind the rim. Standard w i d t h s are 24" t o 42", 44"
t o 48", 60" t o 72".

E.S h o e s
High-topped shoes
 R e f e r e e i s Official-in-Charge

The referee is the official that controls the game. He

is the one w h o tosses the ball up for the center jump
a t t he s t a r t of t he game and each overtime period.
The duties range from inspecting and approving all
equipment before the game's starting time to
approving the final score. In between, the referee is
responsible for the notification of each team three
minutes before each half is to begin and deciding
matters of disagreement among the officials. The
referee has the power to m ak e decisions on any point
not specifically covered in the rules and even to
forfeit the game if necessary.
 Officials Conduct Game

During a ctu a l play, there is no p ra cti ca l difference b e t w e e n th e

r e f e r e e a n d u m p i re ( s ). T h e y a r e e q u a l l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e
c o n d u c t o f t h e g a m e ; a nd , b e c a u s e o f t h e s p e e d o f p l a y , t h e i r
duties are dictated essentially by their respective positions on the
c o u r t f r o m m o m e n t t o m o m e n t . For t h i s r e a s o n , t h e r u l e s
specify that no official has the authority to question decisions
made by another official. The officials' control, w h i c h begins 30
minutes before starting time for men and 15 minutes for w o m e n
and concludes w i t h the referee's approval of the final score,
includes the p o w e r t o e ject from the c ou rt any player, coach, or
t e a m follower w h o is guilty of flagrant unsporting conduct. When
the referee leaves the confines of the playing area at the end of
the game, the score is final and may not be changed.
 Official's Signals

W he n a f o u l o c c u r s , t h e o f f i c i a l i s r e q u i r e d b y t h e
r u l e s t o (a) s i g n a l t h e t i m e r t o s t o p t h e c l o c k , (b)
d e s i g n a t e t h e o f f e n d e r t o t h e s c o r e r a n d (c) u s e
his or her fingers to indicate the number of free
throws.
W hen a t e a m i s e n t i t l e d t o a t h r o w - i n , a n o f f i c i a l
m u s t (a) s i g n a l w h a t c a u s e d t h e b a l l t o b e c o m e
d e a d , (b) i n d i c a t e t h e t h r o w - i n s p o t ( e x c e p t a f t e r a
g oa l ) a n d (c) d e s i g n a t e t h e t e a m e n t i t l e d t o t h e
 Duties of Scorers and Timers

S c o r e r s m u s t (a) r e c o r d , i n n u m e r i c a l o r de r , n a m e s a n d
n u m b e r s o f a l l p l a y e r s , (b) r e c o r d f i e l d g o a l s m a d e a n d
f r e e t h r o w s m a d e a n d m i s s e d , (c) k e e p a r u n n i n g
s u m m a r y o f p o i n t s s c o r e d , (d) r e c o r d f o u l s c a l l e d o n e a c h
player and notify officials when a player-disqualification or
bonus-free- t h r o w s i t u a t i o n ar is e s, (e) r e c o r d t i m e o u t s a n d
r e p o r t w h e n a t e a m ' s a l l o t t e d n u m b e r h a s b e e n used, a n d
(f) r e c o r d w h e n a s q u a d m e m b e r h a s b e e n e j e c t e d f o r
fighting. It is the game-clock and shot-clock operators'
responsibility to keep everyone abreast of key factors
while carrying out the timing regulations.
 Glossary

A i r p a s s - a p a s s t h a t t r a v e l s b e t w e e n p l a y e r s w i t h o u t h i t t i n g t h e fl o o r .

Assist-a pass t h a t subsequently results in a goal being scored.

B a c k c o u r t - t h e d e f e n s i v e z one f o r e a c h t e a m .

B ac k pedal - a dynamic stretching exercise w h i c h is executed by running ba c k w a rd

wherein the heels are almost touching the buttocks.

Bounce pass - a kind of pass in basketball wherein the ball is th r o w n to floor so t hat it
bounces t o the intended receiver.

Carioca - a dynamic stretching exercise w h i c h is the same w i t h th at of grapevine step

in dancing. It is executed through a step sideward followed by a cross-step in front,
step sideward, and cross-step in rear It may be done repeatedly. The difference w i t h
tha t of grapevine is t hat it is executed w i t h a bounce t o achieve the stretching effect.
Def ens ive p l a y - a t y p e o f p l a y i n t e a m s p o r t s p a r t i c u l a r l y i n b a s k e t b a l l w h e r e i n
the t ea m aims a t preventing the opponents from shooting the ball or gaining
p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e ball.

Def ens iv e r e b o u n d - a r e b o u n d c a u g h t b y d e f e n d e r s Double t e a m - w h e n t w o

d e f e n d e r s m a r k o n e a t t a c k e r , u s u a l l y t h e i r b e s t player.

Dribbling - a b a s k e t b a l l b a s i c s k i l l t h a t a l l o w s y o u t o m o v e a r o u n d t h e c o u r t
w h i l e y o u ' r e i n p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e ball. I t i s a l e g a l m e t h o d t h a t a l l o w s y o u t o
advance w i t h the ball and m a k e a score as opposed t o t ha t of passing it t o a
t e am m a t e t o shoot it for the basket. This move involves bouncing the ball off
t h e f l o o r w i t h y o u r h a n d s a s y o u c o v e r t h e floor.

Drive - a n a t t a c k i n g m o v e a t f u l l speed.

D u n k s h o t - a s p e c t a c u l a r s c o r i n g m a n e u v e r w h e n a p l a y e r j u m p s high. r e a c h e s
a b o v e t h e ring, a n d s t u f f s t h e b a l l d o w n t h r o u g h t h e hoop.

Foul- a n i n f r a c t i o n o r v i o l a t i o n o f t h e r u l e s o f a g a m e .
Go a l - t e n d i n g - a n i l l e g a l p l a y i n w h i c h a p l a y e r d e f l e c t s a b a l l t h a t i s
on the d o wn w a rd path to the basket or t hat is already on the rim
of the basket carrying the penalty of an automatic score when
c o m m i t t e d by the defense or nullifying the field goal w h e n
c o m m i t t e d by the offense.

High knees - - a dynamic stretching exercise w h i c h is executed by

running forward, lifting the knees until the upper leg is parallel
t o the ground, toes pointed d o w n w a r d

Misconduct - an unbecoming behavior of a player contributing to the

disturbance or unusual flow of a game

Offensive play - a type of play in t e a m sports particularly in

basketball wherein the t e a m plays in possession of the ball aiming
a t earning points through shooting
R e f e r e e -refers t o t h e o f f i c i a t i n g o f f i c i a l i n b a s k e t b a l l .

Shuffle - a dynamic stretching exercise w h i c h is also

called gallop. A combination of step and c u t (displace) in
one count. It may be done forward, backward, and
m o s t c om monl y sideward w i t h one foot always leading.

Warm-up e x e r c i s e s - a r e c o m p o s e d o f s t a t i c a n d d y n a m i c
movements intended to gradually increase heart rate at
the same time prepare and condition the body to more
strenuous physical activities thereby preventing
injuries from happening.
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