Introduction to Material Handling

• Definitions and Scope of Materials handling

• Importance of Materials Handling
• Systems Concept
• Characteristics and Classification of Materials
Definition and Scope of Material Handling
• Simple and Mechanical View
• Engineering and Technology View
• AMHS
• “materials handling is the art and science the involving moving,
packaging, and storing of substances in any form”
“the movement and storage of materials at the lowest possible cost
through the use of proper methods and equipment”
“the moving of materials or product by any means including storage
and all movement except processing operation and inspection”
“the art and science of conveying, elevating, positioning, transporting,
packaging, and storing of materials”
Continues
• the Objective of materials handling is lowest cost solution
• the essentials requirement of a good materials handling system
may summarize as
• EFFICIENT AND SAFE MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS TO DESIRED PLACE
• TIMELY MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS WHEN NEEDED
• SUPPLY MATERIALS AT DESIRED RATE
• STORING MATERIALS UTILISING MINIMUM SPACE
• LOWEST COST SOLUTION TO MATERIALS HANDLING ACTIVITIES
The Scope of Materials Handling
• the Functional scope of materials handling within an industry cover
the following:
• Bulk materials as well as unit materials handling
• Industrial packaging of in-process material, of semi-finished or finished
goods, primarily from the point of view of ease and safety of handling,
storage, and transportation; consumers packaging not directly related
to materials handling
• Handling of materials for storage or warehousing from raw materials to
finished product stage
continue
Importance of Materials Handling
Material handling can account for 30–75%
We must also bear in mind that, of the total cost, and efficient material
depending on the product handled, handling can be primarily responsible for
anywhere from 20 to 70% of a product reducing a plant’s operating cost by 15–
cost can be attributed to material-handling 30%. When an employee handles an item,
cost. (Heragu, 2008) he or she adds nothing to the product’s
value but does add to its cost. (Sulee, 2008)
 Continue
• Help Productivity and increase profitability
• same production systems and equipment but different materials handling
system
• Industries with so large and heavy materials like mining, process,
petroleum, heavy manufacturing, aircraft, construction, and shipbuilding
• To achieve materials handling systems objective/goals such as:
• improve efficiency of a production system
• cut down indirect labour cost
• reduce damage to materials during storage and movement
• maximise space utilization and reduce materials handling cost
• minimise accident
• reduce overall cost
• improve customer service
• increase efficiency and saleability of a plant
Negative Aspect of Materials Handling
• Additional capital cost involved in any materials handling system
• Reduce flexibelity of changes
• Increase down time of a production system if there is a
failure/stoppage in materials handling system
• Increase Maintenance Facilities and cost
Systems Concept

Methods Materials
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

Material Handling
System
Equipment

Operations Maintenance
Classification of Materials
• The Basis of Forms
• Gases
• Liquids
• Semi-Liquids
• Solids
• Two classification of solids
• Unit loads Materials
• Bulk loads Materials
 Characteristics of Materials
• Gases
• high pressure above 25 psi; low pressure less than 25 psi; also chemical properties
• handle using pipe with the help of pump with process pneumatics conveying
• Liquids
• density, viscosity, freezing and boiling point, corrosiveness, temperatures, inflammability,
etc. exp: water, mineral oils, acids, alkalies, others chemical liquids, etc
• Semi-Liquids
• more density, more viscosity, high freezing and boiling point. exp: slurry, sewage, slud,
mud, pulp, paste, etc.
• liquids and semi-liquids are handled using hyraulic conveying with pipe as a medium
• Solid
• most of industrial materials are solids
• and solid classified into two main group which are unit load and bulk load materials
Unit Load Materials
• Solid Materials which are formed of various sizes, shapes, and
weights
• Counted by number of pieces like parts, boxes, or items
• Materials packaged and materials which are handled en-masses
like forest product (log), structural, pig iron, etc
• has overal dimension, shapes, piece-weight, temperature,
inflammabality, strenght/fragility etc
• Usually are handled using hoisting equipment and trucks but certain
type of conveyor are used to handle carton/packaged items
 Classification of Unit Loads
• based on Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) Specification number 8005:1976
• Shape of Unit Loads
• basic geometric form like rectangular, cylindrical, pyramidal/conical and spherical
• typical or usual form like pallets, plates, containers, bale and sacks
• irregular form like objects with flat base dimension smaller than overall sizes, loads on roller/wheels and
uneven shapes
• Position of C.G (stability) of load
• Mass of Unit Load; in 10 steps from 0-2.5 kg to more than 5000 kg
• Volume per Unit; in 10 steps from 0-10 cm3 to more than 10 m3
• Type of Materials in contact with conveying system like metal wood paper/cardboad, textile,
rubber/plastics, and other materials
• Geometrical Shape (concave, convex, uneven/irregular, flat, ribbed) Physical Properties (Smooth,
slippery, rough, hard, elastic, etc) of base surface of unit load
• Specific Physical and Chemical Properties (abrasive, corrosive, dusty, dumpy, greasy/oily, hot and
cold, fragile, having sharp edges, inflammable, explosive, hydroscopic, sticky, toxic, obnoxius,
radioactive, etc
• Loads Sensitive to pressure, shock vibration, turning/tilting, acceleration/deceleration, cold, heat, light,
radiation, damp, etc
Bulk Load Materials
• Materials which are powdery,
granular/lumpy in nature and
store in heaps
• example of bulk load materials
are Minerals, earthly material,
processed materials, agricultural
product, similar other materials
• Characteritics of Bulk Load
materials are lump-sizes, bulk
weight, spesific weight, moisture
content, flowability (mobility of the
particles), angle of repose,
abrasiveness, temperature,
proneness to explosion,
stickiness, fuming/dusty,
corrosivity, hydroscopyc, etc
Tugas
• Cari dan Jelaskan • Jelaskan sistem
klasifikasi material bulk pengkodean material Bulk
berdasarkan kepada berdasarkan kepada
aturan dan standar resmi standar yang anda
suatu organisasi atau temukan secara detail !
negara maju didunia
minimal dua standar !
THANK YOU!