Communication SYSTEM (EE-344)

Week 3
Muhammad Faisal
muhammad.faisal@riphah.edu.pk
Lecturer, FEAS
B-208
RIPHAH International University, Islamabad
Book

Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems

(3rd Edition) by B.P. Lathi
Text Book

 Introduction to Analog & Digital Communications,

2nd ed. S. Haykin and M. Moher,, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
2007
Reference Book
 Trigonometric Fourier Series
TFS is given by:
 Trigonometric Fourier Series
Where
 Compact Trigonometric Fourier Series

CTFS is given by:

 Compact Trigonometric Fourier Series
Where :
 QUESTION
Find Compact TFS of
 QUESTION
Find Compact TFS of
 QUESTION
Find Compact TFS of
 Exponential Fourier Series
A given signal g(t) can be expressed as exponential
Fourier Series as
Exponential Fourier Series
 QUESTION
Compute the Exponential Fourier Series and plot
Exponential Fourier of the spectra of the following signal
 QUESTION
Compute the Exponential Fourier Series and plot
Exponential Fourier of the spectra of the following signal
 QUESTION
Compute the Exponential Fourier Series and plot
Exponential Fourier of the spectra of the following signal
 Reading Assignment

Fourier Spectrum

Periodicity in TFS

Parseval’s Theorem

Even and Odd Signals

AMPLITUDE (LINEAR)
MODULATION
 Base Band Communication
Baseband refers to the original frequency range of a
transmission signal before it is converted, or modulated, to a
different frequency range.

 For example, an audio signal may have a baseband range

from 20 to 20,000 hertz.

When it is transmitted on a radio frequency (RF), it is

modulated to a much higher, inaudible, frequency range.
 Cont.….
Signal modulation is used for radio broadcasts, as well as several types of
telecommunications, including cell phone conversations and satellite
transmissions.

Therefore, most telecommunication protocols require original baseband

signals to be modulated to a higher frequency before they are transmitted.

These signals are then demodulated at the destination, so the recipient

receives the original baseband signal.

 Dial-up modems are a good example of this process, since they modulate
and demodulate signals when they are transmitted and received. In fact, the
word "modem" is short for modulator/demodulator.
 Cont.….
Baseband signals are the fundamental group of frequencies in an Analog
or digital waveform that may be transmitted along a pathway or processed
by an electronic circuit.

Baseband signals can be composed of a single frequency or group of

frequencies or in the digital domain composed of a data stream sent over
an un-multiplexed channel.

Examples of an Analog baseband signal may be audio or composite

video. Examples of a digital baseband signal may be Ethernet signals
operating over a Local Area Network (LAN).

Signals of a baseband nature often are modulated, or multiplexed, with

other signals to form a composite signal.
 Carrier Communication
Carrier signal: A frequency in a communications channel
modulated to carry Analog or digital signal information. For
example, an FM radio transmitter modulates the frequency of
a carrier signal and the receiver processes the carrier signal to
extract the Analog information. An AM radio transmitter
modulates the amplitude of a carrier signal.

Carrier system: A communications system providing a

number of point-to-point channels through some type of
multiplexing that can be used between points in a Wide Area
Network (WAN).
 Cont.….
In telecommunications, a carrier signal, carrier wave, or just carrier, is a
waveform (usually sinusoidal) that is modulated (modified) with an input
signal for the purpose of conveying information.

 This carrier wave is usually a much higher frequency than the input signal.

The purpose of the carrier is usually either to transmit the information

through space as an electromagnetic wave (as in radio communication), or
to allow several carriers at different frequencies to share a common physical
transmission medium by frequency division multiplexing (as, for example, a
cable television system).

The term is also used for an un-modulated emission in the absence of any
modulating signal
 Cont.….
Power-line communication (PLC) carries data on a conductor
that is also used simultaneously for AC electric power
transmission or electric power distribution to consumers.

It is also known as power-line carrier, power-line digital

subscriber line (PDSL), mains communication, power-line
telecommunications, or power-line networking (PLN).
 Cont.….
PLCC, Power Line Carrier Communication, is an approach
to utilize the existing power lines for the transmission of
information.

In today’s world every house and building has properly

installed electricity lines.

 By using the existing AC power lines as a medium to transfer

the information, it becomes easy to connect the houses with a
high speed network access point without installing new
wirings
 Cont.….
This technology has been in wide use since 1950 and was mainly
used by the grid stations to transmit information at high speed.

 Now a days this technology is finding wide use in

building/home automation as it avoids the need of extra wiring.

The data collected from different sensors is transmitted on these

power lines thereby also reducing the maintenance cost of the
additional wiring.

In some countries this technology is also used to provide Internet

connection.
 FREQUENCY SHIFTING PROPERTY
If
then

For a given signal g(t) multiplied by a sinusoid

then
FREQUENCY SHIFTING PROPERTY
 Chapter # 4
Baseband & Carrier Communication
AM: Double Sideband
Amplitude Modulation
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
AM: Single Sideband (SSB)
AM: Vestigial Sideband (VSB)
Career Acquisition
Super heterodyne AM Receiver
Television
AM: DOUBLE SIDEBAND (DSB)
Can be broken into two part:
Modulator
Demodulator
AM: DOUBLE SIDEBAND (DSB)
AM: DOUBLE SIDEBAND (DSB)
AM: DOUBLE SIDEBAND (DSB)
AM: DOUBLE SIDEBAND (DSB)
Demodulation:
AM: DOUBLE SIDEBAND (DSB)
AM: DOUBLE SIDEBAND (DSB)
Problem
Cont.….