Communication SYSTEM (EE-344)

Week 4
Muhammad Faisal
muhammad.faisal@riphah.edu.pk
Lecturer, FEAS
B-208
RIPHAH International University, Islamabad
Book

Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems

(3rd Edition) by B.P. Lathi
Text Book

 Introduction to Analog & Digital Communications,

2nd ed. S. Haykin and M. Moher,, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
2007
Reference Book
 Modulators

There are following types of modulators:

Multiplier Modulators
Non-Linear Modulators
Switching Modulators
Ring Modulators
Modulator
A modulator is a circuit with multiple inputs where
one input can modify or control the signal flow from
another input to the output.

where fA and fB are two arbitrary functions of v1(t)

and v2(t), respectively
Multiplier
A multiplier is a modulator where fA and fB are linear
functions of v1(t) and v2(t).
 Non-Linear Modulator
nonlinear device modulation is a process which imparts to sinusoidal two or more
amplitude levels.
Switching Modulator
Switching Modulator
Cont….
Ring Modulator
Cont….
Example 4.2
Frequency Mixer or Converter
Example 4.3
Switching Demodulator
 AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM)
Previously receiver must generate a carrier in order to
demodulate the signal. (Costly)
Alternate is to send the carrier signal with the
modulated signal.(no need of generating carrier at the
receiver end)
In case of Point to Point communication the receiver
can be complex and expensive. (Justified)
In case of Broadcasting it is acceptable to have high
power transmitter and less expensive receiver.
Cont.….
In this case A + m(t) is the modulating signal as compared to
the previous m(t).
Two cases
A + m(t)>0
A + m(t)<0
First case envelope has the same shape as m(t) but riding on a
DC value A
Second case envelope does not attain the same shape as the
m(t) as some part gets rectified.
Envelope of the AM has the information about m(t) only if AM
signal [A + m(t)]cos w(t) satisfies the condition A + m(t)>0
AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM)
Cont….
In some cases we don’t need to add carrier because the
envelope of DSB-SC signal is also m(t). That means
m(t)>0 even if A=0.
We need to add the carrier only if m(t) /> 0 that means
the signal is taking some negative value in over a
range of t.
 Let mp the peak magnitude positive or negative.
Conditions for envelope detection
Example 4.4