Communication SYSTEM (EE-344)

Week 5
Muhammad Faisal
muhammad.faisal@riphah.edu.pk
Lecturer, FEAS
B-208
RIPHAH International University, Islamabad
Book

Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems

(3rd Edition) by B.P. Lathi
Text Book

 Introduction to Analog & Digital Communications,

2nd ed. S. Haykin and M. Moher,, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
2007
Reference Book
Side Band & Carrier Power
Cont….
Problem 3
Demodulation of AM Signals
Demodulation of AM Signals
 Demodulation of AM Signal

Rectifier Detector
Envelope Detector
Rectifier Detector
If AM signal is applied to a diode and resistor circuit
as show in figure, the negative part of the AM wave
will be suppressed.
The output across resistor is a half wave rectified
version of AM signal.
The AM signal is multiplied by w(t) to provide with
the rectified version.
Applied a low pass filter to get the actual wave form of
lower frequency.
Rectifier Detector
Rectifier Detector
Envelope Detection
The output of detector follows the envelope of the
modulated signal.
Positive half cycle of the input signal, the diode conducts
and capacitor charge up to the peak voltage of input
signal show in the circuit.
As input signal falls this peak value the diode is cut-off,
because the capacitor voltage is greater than the input
signal voltage.
Capacitor now discharge through the resistor R at a slow
rate.
During the next positive cycle the same drama repeats.
Envelope Detector
Envelope Detector
QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
Bandwidth Efficient schemes
QAM
SSB
Cont.….
Cont.….
Two carriers generated at the same frequency but 90º
out of phase with each other allow transmission of two
separate signals
This approach is known as Quadrature AM (QUAM or
QAM)
Recovery of the two signals is accomplished by
synchronous detection by two balanced modulators
AMPLITUDE MODULATION: SSB
Single side band modulation
 Cont.….
The two sidebands of an AM signal are mirror images of one
another

As a result, one of the sidebands is redundant

Using single-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission results

in reduced bandwidth and therefore twice as many signals
may be transmitted in the same spectrum allotment

Typically, a 3dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio is

achieved as a result of SSBSC.
Cont.….
1 st method after modulation
AM: SINGLE SIDE BAND (SSB)
before modulation
Cont.….
 Single Side Band Suppressed Carrier
Carrier
From DSB-SC spectrum:
LSB USB
 Information m is carried twice
 Bandwidth is high

c - m c c + m
Single frequency
Question: Why transmit both side bands?
Ans:

Question: Can one suppress one of the side bandcarrier?

Ans.: Yes, just transmit one side band (i.e SSB-SC)

But what is the penalty?

System complexity at the receiver

 SSB-SC - Implementation
• Frequency discrimination

Band pass
Upper sideband
filter
c+ m 1
Message DSB-SC
c(t )  cos (c  m )t
Multiplier 2
m(t)
Band pass
Lower sideband
filter
Local oscillator
c- m
c(t) = cos ct 1
c(t )  cos (c  m )t
2

c(t )  cos mt cos c t

1 1
 cos (c  m )t  cos (c  m )t
2 2
 SSB-SC - Implementation cont.
• Phase discrimination (Hartley modulator)
v(t) =Em cos mt cos ct + Em sin mt sin ct
Em cos mt
Message = Em cos (m - c)t LSB
X
m(t) Em cos mt cos ct

Carrier cos ct +

SSB-SC

90o 90o signal
phase shift -
phase shift
sin ct
Em sin mt sin ct
X
Em sin mt
v(t) =Em cos mt cos ct - Em sin mt sin ct
= Em cos (m + c)t USB
 SSB-SC – Detection/ demodulation
 Synchronous detection 1
v(t )  cos mt
4
Low
SSB-SC Multiplier pass
filter Message signal

Local oscillator 1
y (t )  cos (c  m )t  cos c t
c(t) = cos ct 2
1 1
y (t )  cos ( m t )  cos (2c  m )t
4 4
Condition:
•Local oscillator has the same information high frequency
frequency and phase as that of the
carrier signal at the transmitter. Low pass filter

m 2c+m
 SSB-SC - Summary
Advantages:
Lower power consumption
Better management of the frequency spectrum
Less prone to selective fading
Lower noise

• Disadvantage:
- Complex detection

• Applications:
- Two way radio communications
- Frequency division multiplexing
- Up conversion in numerous telecommunication systems
PROBLEM 1