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War
Only Britain was at war continually with France
during this time
The four Great Powers (Britain, Austria, Prussia, and
Russia) did not fight France simultaneously until
1813
Nations were willing to ally with Napoleon for their
own foreign policy benefit
After Napoleon conquered Italy, European countries
decided they need to defeat him in order for a
peaceful Europe
War of the Second
Coalition
1798-1801
Napoleon had his navy destroyed by England’s Lord
Horatio Nelson in the Battle of the Nile
Napoleon and the French army isolated in North
Africa
Napoleon was victorious in the war, nevertheless,
but never conquered England
Treaty of Luneville
1801
Ended the Second Coalition
Resulted in Austria’s loss of its Italian possessions
German territory on the west bank of the Rhine
incorporated into France
Russia retreated from western Europe when they
saw their ambitions in the Mediterranean blocked by
Britain
Peace Interim
1802
Treaty of Amiens with Britain in 1802
Hoped to increase trade with the Continent
France remained in control of Holland, Austrian
Netherlands, and most of Italian peninsula
Napoleon reorganized the Confederation of
Switzerland
Sent large army to Haiti to subdue a slave rebellion
Sold Louisiana to US
Empire Period
1804-1814
Dec 2, 1804, Napoleon crowned himself hereditary
Emperor of France in Notre-Dame Cathedral
Hoped to stop plans of royalists to return the
Bourbons to the throne
Napoleon viewed himself as a liberator who freed
foreign peoples from their absolute rulers who
oppressed them
Grand Empire
Beginning in 1805,
Napoleon engaged in
constant warfare
Achieved the largest
empire since the Roman
times
Satellite Kingdoms
Dependant satellite kingdoms (where Napoleon put his
appointees to throne)
Spain
Brother, Joseph Bonaparte
Westphalia
Youngest brother, Jerome Bonaparte
Holland
Brother, Louis Bonaparte
Italy
Sister, Caroline, Queen of Naples
Step son rules Lombardy, Venice, and Papal States
Independent
Independent
but allied
states
included
Austria
Prussia
Russia
War of the Third
Coalition
1805-1807
In 1803, Napoleon began preparations to invade
Great Britain
In 1805, Austria signed an alliance with Britain
Coalition was complete with addition of Russia and
Sweden
Napoleon’s conquest of Italy convinced Russia and
Austria that Napoleon was threat to balance of
power
Battle of Trafalgar
October 21, 1805
French and Spanish fleets were destroyed by the
British Navy under the Command of Lord Horatio
Nelson, off the Spanish Coast
Established supremacy of British navy for over a
century
French invasion of Britain no longer feasible
Battle of Austerlitz
December 1805
Alexander I pulled Russian troops out of battle,
giving Napoleon another victory
Austria accepted large territorial losses in return for
peace
Third Coalition collapsed
Napoleon now master of western and central Europe
Arc de Triumphe
In commemoration of his victory, Napoleon
commissioned in 1806
Using classical style, the Arc hearkened back to the
Roman Empire who built arches to signify victories
Napoleon was clearly emphasizing the conquest of
an empire
Treaty of Tilsit
June 1807
Provisions
Prussia lost half its population in lands to France
Russia accepted Napoleon’s reorganization of western
and eastern Europe
Height of Napoleon’s success