PANAGDAIT SA

DIOS SA TANAN
U G S A TA N A N G K A B U H ATA N
P R AY E R
GE104C/A

LESSON 4-MIDTERM
III. MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL
FOR MANAGING DATA

Introduction to Statistics
The main parts of a Table

 
Table number – the purpose of identification and an easy reference is provided in the table
number. 
Title – it provides the basis of information adjacent to the number. 
Column headings or captions – it is put up at the top columns of the table; the columns
come with specific figures within. 
Footnote – it gives a scope or potential for the further explanation that might be required
for any item included in the table; the footnote is needed to clarify data. 
Row heading and Stub – this provides specific issues mentioned in the horizontal rows.
The stub is provided on the left side of the table. 
Information source – it is included at the bottom of the table. The information source tells
us the source related to the specific piece of information and the authenticity of the sources. 
Disadvantages of a tabular representation of the data.  
Though, there are a few limitations of the presentation of data
in tabular form.
1) Lack of description; the data in tabular form is only
represented with figures and not attributes that ignore the
facts’ qualitative aspect.
2) The data in tabular form is incapable of presenting
individual terms; it represents aggregate data.
3) The tabular representation of data needs special
knowledge to understand it, and a layman cannot easily use
it.  
Line Graphs
One of the graphs you will likely use most often is a line graph.
Line graphs simply use a line to connect the data points that you
plot. They are most useful for showing trends and for
identifying whether two variables relate to (or "correlate with")
one another.
Examples of trend data include how sales figures vary from
month to month, and how engine performance changes as the
engine temperature rises.
Pie Charts
A pie chart compares parts to a whole. As such, it shows
a percentage distribution. The pie represents the total data set,
and each segment of the pie is a particular category within the
whole.
To use a pie chart, the data you are measuring must depict a
ratio or percentage relationship. Each segment must be
calculated using the same unit of measurement, or the numbers
will be meaningless.
Bar Graphs
Another type of graph that shows relationships between
different data sets is the bar graph.
In a bar graph, the height of the bar represents the measured
value: the higher or longer the bar, the greater the value.
CONCLUSION

• Statistics deals with all aspects of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of
data. It includes the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.
• Statistics can be used to improve data quality by developing specific experimental designs and survey
samples. Statistics also provides tools for prediction and forecasting. Statistics is applicable to a wide
variety of academic disciplines, including natural and social sciences as well as government and business.

• Statistics is the process of converting data into information that is usable to people. Collections of
numbers are difficult for people to make sense of directly. Statistics is a collection of tools that help
people understand the meaning of quantitative data. These tools can compare datasets to see how similar
they are to one another, how internally consistent the data are, and the characteristics of the data
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