Presentation and

Analysis of Data
MELC: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

- Compare the forms (textual, tabular and graphical) of

business data
- Describe the different kinds of graphs and its essential parts
for data presentation.
• The column graph consists of patterned rectangles
displayed along a baseline called the x-category or the
horizontal axis. The height of the rectangle represents
the amount of data, which is evaluated using the y-
category or the vertical axis. The left-to-right bias most
people possess makes column graphs more
appropriate for time-series data than bar graphs.

• Column graphs best show changes in data over a

short time span and relationships between two or
more data series.
• The bar graph is basically a column graph in
which the rectangles are arranged horizontally
along the y-axis. The length of each rectangle
represents its value, which is evaluated using
the x-axis values.

• Bar graphs best show data series and data

comparisons in competition and with no natural
order, such as according to time, etc.
The following graph shows the data related to Foreign Equity Inflow (FEI) for
the five countries for two years- 1997 and 1998.FEI is the ratio of foreign
equity inflow to the country's GDP, which is expressed as a percentage in
the following graph.

1. Find the ratio between

FEI for Malaysia in
1997 and FEI for
Thailand in 1998
2. Name the country
which has the minimum
change in the FEI
• The line graph connects data points with
lines; different series are given different line
markings (for example, dashed or dotted) or
different tick marks.

• Line graphs best show the comparison of

long series and is best used when
attempting to communicate a data trend.
• The pie chart is a circle with radii connecting
the center to the edge of the circle. The area
between two radii is called a slice. The
proportions of the data values in the pie chart
to the whole are reflected in the areas of the
slices.

• Pie charts best show the composition or

breakdown of a whole.
Construct a column graph for:

A. Company A sales, 2011-2015

B. Company B sales vs. net income, 2011-2015

C. Company A vs. B vs. C net income, 2011-2013

Construct a bar graph for:

A. Company D sales and itemized expenses, 2014

B. Sales per Company, 2015

C. Sales and net income per Company, 2013

Construct a line graph for:

A. Company C sales and net income, 2011-2015

B. Net income per Company, 2011-2015

Construct a pie chart for:

A. Breakdown of Company E expenses, 2014

B. Breakdown of Company A total sales from 2011-2015