Nature and Characteristic of The Bible

WHAT IS THE BIBLE?
HOW THE BIBLE CAME

TO US?
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT
TO US TODAY?
SING THE BIBLE BOOK SONG
PAUL’S LETTER TO TIMOTHY
• 1Timothy 3: 16
“ALL SCRIPTURE IS GIVEN BY

INSPIRATION OF GOD, AND IS
PROFITABLE FOR DOCTRINE, FOR
REFROOF, FOR CORRECTION,
FOR INSTRUCTION IN
RIGHTEOUSNESS”
JESUS WORD’S TO SATAN
• MATTHEW 4:4
“BUT HE ANWERED AND

SAID, IT IS WRITTEN, MAN
SHALL NOT LIVE BY BREAD
ALONE, BUT BY EVERY WORD
THAT PROCEEDETH OUT OF
THE MOUTH OF GOD.”
NATURE AND CHARACTERISTIC
1. LIVING WORD OF GOD
2. AFFIRMATION OF FAITH
3. PROTEST WRITING
4. MINORITY REPORT
5. LIBRARY
6. LANGUAGE RELATIONSHIP
7. PRODUCT OF LIFE EXPERIENCE
1. WHY LIVING WORD OF GOD- BECAUSE EVEN IT
IS WRITTEN THOUSANDS OF YEARS BACK,
STILL IT HAS A LIVING MESSAGE FOR US
TODAY. IT SPEAK TO OUR EXPERIENCE
>BIBLIA IS COMMONLY KNOWN AS GOD’S LIVING
WORD.
>IT REVEALS SOMETHING OF GOD.
>THE WILL AND PURPOSE OF GOD.
>THE NATURE AND CHARACTERISTIC OF GOD.
>THE BIBLE IS A FAITHFUL WITNESS TO GOD’S
REVELATION.
2. WHY AFFIRMATION OF FAITH-
>THE BIBLE IS BASICALLY AN AFFIRMATION OF
FAITH OF A PARTICULAR PEOPLE WITH
DISTINCT CULTURE AND HISTORICAL
EXPERIENCES
>IT IS A RECORD OF A PEOPLES ENCOUNTER
WITH GOD IN THEIR OWN CONCRETE
SITUATIONS.
>LIFE EXPERIENCES ARE VIEWED AND
INTERPRETED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR FAITH
> IF WE WILL APPROACH THE BIBLICAL
WRITINGS, THEREFORE, WE REGARD NOT AS
A BOOK OF SCIENCE OR HISTORY BUT A
BOOK OF FAITH
3. WHY PROTEST WRITING – BECAUSE THERE IS
OVERRIDING VISION OF A NEW ORDER OF THINGS.
THIS NEW ORDER IS PICTURED OR PRESENTED IN
VARIOUS WAYS:
A. IN THE EXODUS EXPERIENCE AS THE PROMISED LAND
B. IN THE POST- EXILIC PERIOD AS THE NEW HEAVEN
AND THE NEW EARTH. ISAIAH 65
C. IN THE NEW TESTAMENT AS THE KINGDOM OF GOD
MARK 1
 THE BIBLE IS A WRITTEN RECORD OF THEIR PROTESTS
1. AGAINST THE ABUSES AND THE OPPRESSION OF
THE EMPIRES FOUND IN EXODUS CHAPTER 3
2. AGAINST THE IDOLATRY AND APOSTASY OF THE
MONARCH IN MICAH CHAPTER 1.
3. AGAINST THE HYPOCRISIES OF THE POLITICAL –
RELIGIOUS LEADERS FOUND IN AMOS CHAPTER 5 AND
MATTHEW CHAPTER 23
PROTEST WRITING –
BECAUSE OF THIS VISION AND
THEIR BURNING
DESIRE TO REALIZE IT , THE
PEOPLE OF GOD ARE
DISSATISFIED WITH THE
EXISTING ORDER OF THINGS
4. WHY MINORITY REPORT ? BEACUSE IT IS
WRITTEN FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF A
PERSECUTED MINORITY.
 THEY ARE STTRUGLING TO BE FAITHFUL TO
THEIR GOD IN THE MIDST OF POWERFUL
EMPIRESTHAT DOMINATE THEIR LAND AND
PEOPLE; TWO CENTRAL EVENT
1. THE EXODUS(OLD TESTAMENT)
2. THE EVENT OF CHRIST (NEW TESTAMENT)
NOTE:
THESE 2 EVENTS ARE NOT FOUND IN THE OFFICIAL
RECORDS OF THE HISTORY OFTHE ANCIENT EMPIRES
THAT DOMINATED ISRAEL.
5. WHY LIBRARY? BECAUSE IT IS A
COLLECTION OF BOOKS BY
DIFFERENT AUTHORS, WHO
WROTE WITH DIFFERENT
PURPOSES, AND FOR DIFFERENT
READERS IN THE WHOLE SPAN
OF 1,500 YEARS( CIRCA 1500 BCE
TO 100 CE)
LIBRARY
WITHIN A CONTEXT OF TIME
AT EVERY GIVEN BOOK,
THERE ARE DIFFERENT
FORMS OF LITERATURE
AND DIFFERENT LAYERS
OF TRADITION
6. WHY LANGUAGE
RELATIONSHIP? BECAUSE
THE LANGUAGE OF THE
BIBLE IS A LANGUAGE OF
RELATIONSHIP AND NOT
A LANGUAGE OF SCIENCE
SCIENCE
IN SCIENCE WE NEED,
SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE
> SEEK TO CONVEY
INFORMATION WITH THE
SCIENTIFIC WORDS
SAYING EXACTLY WHAT
THEY SIGNIFY
RELATIONSHIP
LANGUAGE OF RELATIONSHIP
SEEK TO CONVEY SOMETHING
ELSE
JESUS MENTIONED IN MATTHEW
5:14 “YOU ARE THE LIGHT OF
THE WORLD” NERO PICKED UP
DIFFERENTLY AS EMPEROR
NERO DID TO THE EARLY
CHRISTIANS USED AS TORCHES
 THE BIBLE TEACHES US DEFINITE
THINGS, SPIRITUAL,KINGDOM THING
 IT ENABLES US TO ENTER INTO A
RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD
 WE COULD NOT FULLY UNDERSTAND
WITHOUT SUCH INTIMACY,ENCOUNTER
AND RELATIONSHIP WITH THE DIVINE
 IMAGES AND EXPRESSIONS IN THE
BIBLE CANNOT BE UNDERSTOOD IN
SCIENTIFIC SENCE DATA, BUT TO BE
INTERPRETED AS THOUGH THEY ARE
ADDRESSED TO US.
1. LIVING WORD OF GOD
2. AFFIRMATION OF FAITH
3. PROTEST WRITING
4. MINORITY REPORT
5. LIBRARY
6. LANGUAGE RELATIONSHIP
7. PRODUCT OF LIFE EXPERIENCE
7. WHY PRODUCT OF LIFE EXPERIENCE AND FAITH –
BECAUSE THE LIVED FAITH OF A PEOPLE PRECEDED
THE WRITTEN WORD, AND NOT THE OTHER WAY
AROUND.
 IT IS NOT THAT THERE WAS FIRST A SACRED

SCRIPTURE , AND THEN PEOPLE WHO LIVED THEIR
FAITH ACCORDING TO THAT SACRED SCRIPTURE.
 THE BIBLICAL PEOPLE LIVED THEIR RELIGION WITHIN

THE DRAMA OF LIFE, LONG BEFORE THERE WAS A
WRITTEN BIBLE
OUT OF THIS LIVED FAITH
 INSPIRED WRITTERS PUT TOGETHER THEIR
TRADITIONS AND WROTE BOOKS WHICH
BECOME THEIR SACRED SCRIPTURES.
 EARLY CHRISTIANS LIVED OUT THEIR FAITH IN
JESUS WITHIN A SPAN OF ABOUT
GENERATION.
 PAUL , MARK AND OTHER INSPIRED WRITTERS
, OUT OF THEIR FAITH OF THE EARLY
CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES, BEGAN TO WRITE
LITERATURE , WHICH EVENTUALLY CAME TO
BE CALLED THE NEW TESTAMENT A FEW
HUNDRED YEARS LATER(200 CE)
 THE JEWISH (HEBREW)SCRIPTURES CAME TO
KNOWN AS THE OLD TESTAMENT
STAGES IN DEVELOPMENT
1.ORAL TRADITION
2.WRITTEN
TRADITION
3.CANONIZATION
4.TRANSLATION
FIRST STAGE IN DEVELOPMENT
1. ORAL TRADITION-
 IT DID NOT HAPPEN LIKE MAGIC
 IT DID NOT MIRACULOUSLY FALL
DOWN FROM HEAVEN
 IT IS NOT A ONE NIGHT
OVERTIME PRODUCTION OR
RUSH COLLECTIVE DATA
FIRST STAGE IN DEVELOPMENT
ORAL TRADITION-
 STARTED AS STORIES OF
PEOPLE’S ENCOUNTER WITH
THE LIVING GOD
 PRESERVED IN THE COLLECTIVE
MEMORY OF THE COMMUNITY
 STORIES WERE ORALLY
TRANSMITTED FROM ONE
GENERATION TO ANOTHER
ORAL TRADITION WERE REMEMBERED
 ESPECIALLY
1. IN CELEBRATIONS
2. IN THE PREACHING
3. IN THE TEACHING
4. IN RESPONDING TO PASTORAL
CALLS IN THE COMMUNITY OF
FAITH
SECOND STAGE IN DEVELOPMENT:
WRITTEN TRADITION
2. WRITTEN TRADITION-
THE STORIES OF FAITH NOW
RECORDED IN THE OLD
TESTAMENT WHICH WERE
HANDED DOWN FROM ONE
GENERATION
TO ANOTHER WERE FINALLY PUT
DOWN INTO WRITING
SECOND STAGE IN DEVELOPMENT:
WRITTEN TRADITION
FINAL WRITING
FORMS
1.CRUDE FORM
2.LATER FORM
CRUDE FORMS-
1. TABLETS OF STONE
2. BARKS OF TREES
3. SKINS OF ANIMALS
4. PAPYRUS SHEETS (FROM
CRISS-CROSSED
AND PRESSED PAPYRUS
REEDS)
LATER FORM
IN SCROLLS
THIRD STAGE IN
DEVELOPMENT
3. CANONIZATION- THE STORIES
WRITTEN BOOKS WERE
CANONIZED.
THE LIST OF BOOKS WERE
RECOGNIZED BY THE CHURCH
AS DIVINELY INSPIRED
MEANING OF CANONICITY
CANONICITY REFERS TO THE
LISTS OF BOOKS ACCEPTED
BY THE CHURCH TO BE
INSPIRED AND
CONTAINING A RULE OF
FAITH AND MORALS
MEANING OF CANON
CANON COMES FROM THE HEBREW WORD
KANEH, WHICH MEANS A REED.
A REED CAN BE USED TO MEASURE A THING.
THE GREEK WORD FOR CANON IS KANON,
MEANS MEASURING ROD.
CANON GRADUALLY MEAN A NORM OR
STANDARD USED TO MEASURE OR
DETERMINE SOMETHING
MEANING OF CANON APPLY TO THE BIBLE
 THE TERM CANON REFERS TO A NORM OF
REVEALED TRUTH, A RULE OF FAITH
 A RULE MAY MEAN A “LIST”, THE TERM
CANON MAY ALSO MEAN “ THE LISTS OF
BOOKS RECOGNIZED BY THE CHURCH AS
DIVINELY INSPIRED”
 ANY BOOK IN THID LISTS IS A CANONICAL
BOOK
 AGAIN, CANONICITY IS THE LISTS OF BOOKS
ACCEPTED BY THE CHURCH TO BE INSPIRED AND
CONTAINING A RULE OF FAITH AND OF
MORALS
SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE
 ALL CHRISTIAN GROUPS SHARE THE SAME IN
NEW TESTAMENT
 THERE IS MARKED DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE
LISTS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT IN THE
FOLLOWING:
1. ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLE
2. THE EASTERN ORTHODOX BIBLE
3. THE PROTESTANT BIBLE
SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE
ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLES
 RCB HAS AT LEAST SEVEN EXTRA BOOKS
 THEY CALLED IT DEUTERO-CANONICALBOOKS
 DEUTERO MEANS SECOND
 DEUTERO-CANONICAL MEANS SECOND
LISTING OR SECOND CANON
 THIS IS KNOWN ALSO BOOKS WHICH
PROTESTANT CALL APOCRYPHA
 APOCRYPHA MEANS KEPT-SECRET OR
HIDDEN WRITINGS.
ROMAN CATHOLIC CANON 46 BOOKS
THERE WERE 7 BOOKS IN ADDITION TO THE
ORIGINAL HEBREW CANON, NAMELY;
 TOBIT, JUDITH, WISDOM OF SOLOMON,
ECCLESIASTICUS (SIRACH), BARUCH, 1 AND 11 MACCABEES.
 IN ADDITION, GREEK SEGMENTS WERE ADDED TO THE
BOOKS OF DANIEL AND ESTHER.
 THESE WERE ADDED WHEN THE HEBREW WRITINGS WERE
TRANSLATED INTO GREEK AROUND 200 BCE BY 70
SCHOLARS IN 70 DAYS.
 THEY CALL IT SEPTUAGINT(70)THE EXTRA WRITINGS ARE
POPULARLY KNOWN AS DEUTERO-CANONICAL (SECOND
CANON) APPROVED BY THE COUNCIL OF TRENT(1543-1563)
PROTESTANT CANON 39 BOOKS
PROTESTANT REFORMERS IN 16TH CENTURY
CE PREFFERED THE ORIGINAL HEBREW
CANON.
THEY CALLED THE ADDITIONAL BOOKS
AS APOCRYPHA (A HIDDEN WRITINGS)
ONE PRIMARY REASON WHY THE
PROTESTANT OPTED FOR THE HEBREW
CANON WAS THE FACT THAT THE EXTRA
BOOKS WERE USED TO JUSTIFY THE BELIEF
IN PURGATORY AND PRACTICE OF
INDULGENCES
PRIMARY BASIS OR GENERAL FOR INCLUDING WRITINGS IN
THE OLD TESTAMENT CANON
 1. BELIEF IN ONE GOD

(O.T)
 2. BELIEF IN JESUS
CHRIST AS THE CHRIST
(N.T)
SPECIFIC CRITERIA OF CANON SELECTION
 IS THE WRITING HIGHLY VALUED BY A

NUMBER OF CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES?
 2. IS THE WRITING CITED IN AN EARLY
WRITING?
 3. DOES THE WRITING REPRESENT THE
KIND OF CHRISTIAN TEACHING
ASSOCIATED WITH THE APOSTLES?
 4. DOES THE WRITING DISPLAY THE RULE
OF FAITH ACKNOWLEDGE IN THE
CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY?
FOURTH STAGE IN DEVELOPMENT; TRANSLATION
4. TRANSLATION-
>THE OLD TESTAMENT WAS WRITTEN, FOR THE
MOST PART IN HEBREW.
>A FEW SECTION WERE WRITTEN IN ARAMAIC, A
SISTER LANGUAGE OF HEBREW.
>SOME BOOKS OF APOCRYPHA WERE COMPOSE
IN GREEK
> THE WHOLE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT WAS
TRANSLATED INTO GREEK ABOUT TWO
HUNDRED YEARS BEFORE CHRIST.
> THE GREEK TRANSLATION WAS KNOWN AS THE
SEPTUAGINT
FOURTH STAGE IN DEVELOPMENT;
TRANSLATION
 SEPTUAGINT MEANS 70, THE NUMBER OF JEWISH
SCHOLARS WHO, DID THE TRANSLATION.
 SEPTUAGINT WAS USED BY CHRISTIAN
MISSIONARIES(SUCH AS PAUL) AMONG GREEK-
SPEAKING NON CHRISTIANS.
 THE WHOLE 27 BOOKS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT , WAS
WRITTEN IN GREEK.
 GREEK WAS THE DOMINANT LANGUAGE IN A KNOWN
WORLD , THAT IS WHY THE BIBLE WAS EASILY
ACCESSIBLE TO READERS.
 BUT WHEN LATIN BECOMES THE DOMINANT
LANGUAGE , MISSIONARIES TOOK CHRISTIANITY TO
OTHER PEOPLE, PEOPLE WHO DID NOT KNOW GREEK,
IT WAS CLEAR THAT TRANSLATION WAS DONE
TRANSLATION
 SEPTUAGINT MEANS 70, THE NUMBER OF JEWISH
SCHOLARS WHO, DID THE TRANSLATION.
 SEPTUAGINT WAS USED BY CHRISTIAN
MISSIONARIES(SUCH AS PAUL) AMONG GREEK-
SPEAKING NON CHRISTIANS.
 THE WHOLE 27 BOOKS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT , WAS
WRITTEN IN GREEK.
 GREEK WAS THE DOMINANT LANGUAGE IN A KNOWN
WORLD , THAT IS WHY THE BIBLE WAS EASILY
ACCESSIBLE TO READERS.
 BUT WHEN LATIN BECOMES THE DOMINANT
LANGUAGE , MISSIONARIES TOOK CHRISTIANITY TO
OTHER PEOPLE, PEOPLE WHO DID NOT KNOW GREEK,
IT WAS CLEAR THAT TRANSLATION WAS DONE
TRANSLATION
 TRANSLATION IS ALSO
INTERPRETATION
 HEBREW AND GREEK WORDS
ARE SO RICH WITH MEANINGS
THAT IT IS QUITE DIFFICULT TO
CAPTURE THEM IN THE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
SHALOM
 PEACE
 GOOD HEALTH
 WELL BEING
 TRANSLATOR MUST TRANSLATE THE BEST

MEANING IN PARTICULAR CONTEXT
 PERSONAL BIASES WOULD COME IN
 ECUMENICAL COMMITMENT IS NEEDED
 IT SHOULD BE FROM DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS
PERSUASIONS, TO BALANCE THE CHECKING
2 APPROACHES IN TRANSLATING
THE BIBLE
 1. TRADITIONAL APPROACHES
 2. DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE APPROACHES
 TRADITIONAL APPROACHES-WHEREIN THE
ORIGINAL HEBREW OR GREEK FORM OF THE
WRITING IS TRANSLATED WORD-FOR-WORD
INTO THE RECEPTOR LANGUAGE(SUCH AS
ENGLISH)
 THE FOCUS IS ON THE PRESERVATION AND
NOT ONLY OF THE CONTENT IN THE LANGUAGE
BUT MOST ESPECIALLY THE LITERAL FORM
 AN EXAMPLES OF THIS APPROACH ARE KING
JAMES VERSION AND REVISED STANDARD
VERSION
2 APPROACHES IN TRANSLATING
THE BIBLE
 2. DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE APPROACHES
 WHEREIN THE TRANSLATOR FOCUSES ON THE
CONTENT OF THE TEXT RATHER THAN THE
LITERAL.WORD FOR WORD FORM
 TRANSLATES THE CONTENT IN THE
LANGUAGE OF THE TARGET READERSHIP
 BOTH THE ORIGINAL CONTENT AND THE
LANGUAGE OF THE READERSHIP ARE TO BE
SERIOUSLY CONSIDERED IN THIS APPROACH.
 AN EXAMPLE IS THE GOOD NEWS BIBLE(TEV)
AND THE NEW REVISED STANDARD VERSION.
STAGES IN DEVELOPMENT
1.ORAL TRADITION
2.WRITTEN
TRADITION
3.CANONIZATION
4.TRANSLATION
HEBREW BIBLE (24
BOOKS)
PROTESTANT ENGLISH
BIBLE(66 BOOKS)
ROMAN CATHOLIC
BIBLE(73 BOOKS)
HEBREW BIBLE 24 BOOKS
LAW- TORAH
GENESIS,EXODUS,LEVITICUS, NUMBERS, DEUTERONOMY
PROPHETS- NEBI’IM
FORMER PROPHETS
JOSHUA,JUDGES,SAMUEL, KINGS
LATTER PROPHETS
ISAIAH,JEREMIAH,EZEKIEL,THE BOOK OF THE TWELVE(HOSEA TO
MALACHI)
WRITINGS-KETHUBIM
PSALMS,PROVERBS,JOB, SONG OF SONGS, RUTH , LAMENTATIONS,
ECCLESIASTES,ESTHER,DANIEL, EZRA-NEHEMIAH , CHRONICLES
PROTESTANT ENGLISH 39 BOOKS PLUS 46
LAW-
HISTORY
JOSHUA,JUDGES,RUTH, I & 2 SAMUEL, 1&2 KINGS,1&2 CHRONICLES,
EZRA,NEHEMIAH,ESTHER
POETRY/WISDOM
JOB,PSALMS,ECCLESIASTES,SONG OF SONGS
PROPHETS:
ISAIAH,JEREMIAH,LAMENTATIONS,EZEKIEL, DANIEL, HOZEA, JOEL,
AMOS, OBADIAH, JONAH MICAH, NAHUM, HABAKKUK,
ZEPHANIAH, HAGGAI,ZECHARIAH, MALACHI
ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLE 39 BOOKS
LAW-
HISTORY
JOSHUA,JUDGES,RUTH, I & 2 SAMUEL, 1&2 KINGS,1&2
CHRONICLES, EZRA,NEHEMIAH,ESTHER
POETRY/WISDOM
JOB,PSALMS,ECCLESIASTES,SONG OF SONGS
PROPHETS:
ISAIAH,JEREMIAH,LAMENTATIONS,EZEKIEL, DANIEL, HOZEA, JOEL,
AMOS, OBADIAH, JONAH MICAH, NAHUM, HABAKKUK,
ZEPHANIAH, HAGGAI,ZECHARIAH, MALACHI
.
66 BOOKS OF THE WHOLE BIBLE
OLD TESTAMENT 39
LAW- GENESIS,EXODUS,LEVITICUS, NUMBERS, DEUTERONOMY
HISTORY-JOSHUA,JUDGES,RUTH, I & 2 SAMUEL, 1&2
KINGS,1&2 CHRONICLES, EZRA,NEHEMIAH,ESTHER
POETRY/WISDOM-JOB,PSALMS,ECCLESIASTES,SONG OF
SONGS
PROPHETS-ISAIAH,JEREMIAH,LAMENTATIONS,EZEKIEL,
DANIEL, HOZEA, JOEL, AMOS, OBADIAH, JONAH MICAH,
NAHUM, HABAKKUK, ZEPHANIAH, HAGGAI,ZECHARIAH,
MALACHI
66 BOOKS OF THE WHOLE BIBLE
NEW TESTAMENT 27
FOUR GOSPEL- MATTHEW,MARK,LUKE AND JOHN
HISTORY-ACTS
EPISTLES OF PAUL-ROMANS,1&2 CORINTHIANS,
GALATIANS,EPHESIANS,PHILIPPIANS,COLOSSIANS, 1&2
THESSALONIANS,1&2 TIMOTHY,TITUS,PHILEMON
JEWISH CHRISTIAN EPISTLES- HEBREW , JAMES,
1&2 PETER,1 JOHN,2 JOHN,3 JOHN, JUDE , REVELATION
HOW THE BIBLE CAME TO US
• FROM 200 BCE
(BEFORE THE
COMMON ERA) TO
1901 ,1902, TO
1995(PAGE 8)
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF THE OLD
TESTAMENT WRITING
• FROM DATE 1300 BCE

LAW,PROPHETS
WRITINGS TO 50, OR
O(SEE PAGE 9)
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF THE NEW
TESTAMENT WRITING
• FROM DATES 4-6 BCE

PAULINE
WRITINGS ,OTHER
WRITING, GOSPELS TO
150(PAGE 11)
PRELIM REACTION PAPER YOU HAVE
TO CHOOSE ONLY TWO
• BIBLICAL WRITERS PAGES 12-17

• LITERARY FORMS IN THE BIBLE PAGES
18-19
• PANORAMIC SURVEY OF THE BIBLE
PAGES 20-29
Methodist Tradition on The
Bible
The Book of Discipline of the United
Methodist Church 2016, expounded
the Methodist Tradition and standards
of belief in an articles of faith, Par. 104
Section 3 pages 66 and 67 and it saith
Article V- Of the Sufficiency of the Holy
Scripture for Salvation
Article VI- Of the Old Testament
Bible
BOD Methodist Tradition Of the Sufficiency of
the Holy Scriptures for Salvation.
The Holy Scripture contained all things
necessary to salvation: so that
whatsoever is not read therein , nor may be
proved thereby, is not to be required of any
man that it should be believed as an
article of faith , or be thought requisite or
necessary to salvation
Bible
In the name of the Holy Scripture we do
understand those canonical books of the
Old and New Testament of whose authority
was never any doubt in the church.
The name of the Canonical books are
39 books of the Old Testament
27 books of the New Testament
66 total of the Old and New Testaments
Methodist Tradition on The Bible:
Names of the Canonical books
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers,
Deuteronomy, Josua, Judges Ruth, The first book
of Samuel, The second book of Samuel, The first
book of Kings, The second books of Kings, The
first book of the Chronicles, The second book of
Chronicles , The book of Ezra, The book of
Nehemiah, The book of Esther, The book of Job,
the Psalms , The Proverbs , Ecclesiastes or the
Preacher, Cantica or Songs of Solomon, Four
Prophets the Greater , twelve prophets the less.
Names of the Canonical books
All the books of the Old
Testament , as they are
commonly received , we
do receive and account
canonical.
Article VI of the Old Testament
The Old Testament is not contrary
to the NewTestament;
For both the in the Old Testament
and New Testament everlasting life
is offered to humankind by Christ,
who is the only Mediator between
God and man, being both God and
Man.
Wherefore they are not to be heard
who feign that the old fathers did look
only for transitory promises.
Although the Law given from God by
Moses as touching ceremonies and
rites doth not bind Christian, nor ought
the civil precepts thereof of necessity
be received in any commonwealth;
Yet notwithstanding, no
Christian whatsoever is
free from the obedience
of the commandments
which are called moral
From Bishop D.D Alejandro (Christian
Beliefs, pages 1-7
To us Methodist and like
the other Evangelical
Christians, the BIBLE is our
authority in all matters
pertaining faith and morals
and life.
Beliefs, pages 1-7
The Bible is the English word
comes from the Latin word biblia.
The Latin language borrowed it
from the Greek which in Greek
biblia is the plural form of the
noun biblion, biblion means a
“little book.”
Beliefs, pages 1-7
It is interesting to note that Spanish
language appropriated the Latin word
biblia to mean the Christian
Scriptures and bequeathed the word
to all Philippine dialects.
Originally then means “many little
books”
Beliefs, pages 1-7
Biblia today is one book, in
reality the original meaning of
the word –many little books – is
most true.
It is a collection of 66 books of
one kind or another
Beliefs, pages 1-7
Written at different times and
by various authors, some of
them are definitely unknown.
In this collection one book tells
the story of the beginnings of life
and things in the world.
Beliefs, pages 1-7
Several books trace the history of the
Hebrew people
Another book is a volume of songs and
hymns used in Jewish worship.
Another the sayings of the sages
And stories of lives of people are
scattered here and then.
Beliefs, pages 1-7
There are also Oracles,and visions of
prophets
There are sermons of preachers
Letters of church leaders, tracts of
undergound Christian leaders during
persecution
There are symbolic literature of things
to come as separate books
Beliefs, pages 1-7
Truly, the BIBLE is one volume library, not
one book as maqny of us like to believe.
The Bible were written in Hebrew,
Aramaic, Greek soon it was translated in
Latin and English
The Bible is a collection of many books
written by different authors, who wrote
at different periods of time.
Beliefs, pages 1-7
Truly, the BIBLE is a human book but
we do positively believe that the Bible
is also divine.
Beliefs, pages 1-7
FOUR REASONS the BIBLE is HUMAN-DIVINE:
1. The Bible is the Human Divine record of
various activities in trying to make known His
nature and will.
2. The Bible is divinely inspired.
3. In the infinite Love and Wisdom of God , the
Bible came into being for our own good, our
own salvation, for back of God’s revelation is
His plan of human redemption.
Beliefs, pages 1-7
The Methodist Tradition listed in the
Book of Discipline art. V and VI the
considered canonical and does not
consider the Apocrypha part of the
canon.
The Apocrypha is the 14 books in the
Septuagint not found in the Old
Testament but included in Latin Vulgate
Beliefs, pages 1-7
There are also Christian gospels
epistles, and apocalypses not included
in the New Testament. These
Apocryphal writings are not included
in the Authorized Version King James
Which is generally considered the
Protestant Bible
From General Categories of the Old
Testament Books(The Gifts of the
Jews,Thomas Cahill pp 266-268,and
Guerrero’s Bible Facts and Figures pp
3-5
LAWS 5 BOOKS 187 CAPTERS HEBREW
1.GENESIS50 CHAPTERS 1533 VERSES BERESHIT
2.EXODUS40 CHAPTERS 1203 VERSES SHEMOT
3.LEVITICUS 27 CHAPTERS 859 VERSES VAYYIQRA
4. NUMBERS 36 CHAPTERS 1288 VERSES BEMIDBAR
5. DEUTERONOMY 34 CHAPTERS 958 VERSES DEVARIM
Methodist Tradition on The Bible: From General
Categories of the Old Testament Books(The Gifts of
the Jews,Thomas Cahill pp 266-268,and Guerrero’s
Bible Facts and Figures pp 3-5
 HISTORY 12 BOOKS 249 CHAPTERS HEBREW
6. JOSHUA 24 CHAPTERS 658 VERSES YEHOSHUA
7. JUDGES 21 CHAPTERS 618 VERSES SHOFETIM
8. RUTH 4 CHAPTERS 85 VERSES RUT
9. 1 SAMUEL 31 CHAPTERS 810 VERSES SHEMUEL
10. 2 SAMUEL 24 CHAPTERS 695 VERSES SHEMUEL
11. 1 KINGS 22 CHAPTERS 816 VERSES MELAKHIM
12. 2 KINGS 25 CHAPTERS 719 VERSES MELAKHIM
13. 1 CHRONICLES 29 CHAPTERS 943 VERSES DIVRE -
14. 2 CHRONICLES 36 CHAPTERS 822 VERSES HAYYAMIM
 HISTORY 12 BOOKS 249 CHAPTERS
HEBREW
15. EZRA 10 CHAPTERS 280 VERSES EZRA
16. NEHEMIAH 13 CHAPTERS 406 VERSES NEHEMYA
17. ESTHER 10 CHAPTERS 167 VERSES ESTER
 POETRY 5 BOOKS 243 CHAPTERS HEBREW
18. JOB 42 CHAPTERS 1,070 VERSES IYYOV
19. PSALMS 150 CHAPTERS 2460 VERSES TEHILLIM
20.PROVERBS 31 CHAPTERS 915 VERSES MISHLE
21.ECCLESIASTES 12 CHAPTERS 222VERSES QOHELET
22.SONG OF SONGS 8CHAPTERS 77VERSES SHIR HASHIRIM
 MAJOR PROPHETS 5 BOOKS 183 CHAPTERS HEBREW
23. ISAIAH 66 CHAPTERS 1290 VERSES YESHAYAHU
24.JEREMIAH 52 CHAPTERS 1364 VERSES YIRMEYAHU
25. LAMENTATION 5CHAPTERS 222VERSES EKHA
26. EZEKIEL 48 CHAPTERS 1273 VERSES YEHEZQEL
27. DANIEL 12 CHAPTERS 357 VERSES DANIYYEL
 MINOR PROPHETS 12 BOOKS 67 CHAPTERS HEBREW
28. HOSEA 14 CHAPTERS 197 VERSES HOSHEA
29. JOEL 3 CHAPTERS 73 VERSES YOEL
30.AMOS 9 CHAPTERS 146 VERSES AMOS
31.OBADIAH 1CHAPTER 21VERSES OVADYA
32. JONAH 4 CHAPTERS 48 VERSES YONA
33.MICAH 7 CHAPTERS 105 VERSES MIKHA
34. NAHUM 3 CHAPTERS 47 VERSES NAHUM
35. HABAKKUK 3 CHAPTERS 56 VERSES HAVAQQUK
36. ZEPHANIAH 3 CHAPTERS 53 VERSES TZEFANYA
37. HAGGAI 2 CHAPTERS 2VERSES HAGGAY
 MINOR PROPHETS 12 BOOKS 67 CHAPTERS HEBREW
38. ZECHARIAH 14 CHAPTERS 207 VERSES ZEKHARYA
39. MALACHI 4 CHAPTERS 55VERSES MALAKHI
 THE NEW TESTAMENT GENERAL CATEGORIES

 GOSPEL 4 BOOKS 89 CHAPTERS
1. MATTHEW 28 CHAPTERS 1071 VERSES
2. MARK 16 CHAPTERS 678 VERSES
3. LUKE 24 CHAPTERS 1151 VERSES
4. JOHN 21 CHAPTERS 878 VERSES
 THE NEW TESTAMENT GENERAL CATEGORIES
 HISTORY 1 BOOK 28 CHAPTERS
5. ACTS 28 CHAPTERS 1007 VERSES
 PAULINE LETTERS 13 BOOKS 87 CHAPTERS
6. ROMANS 16 CHAPTERS 433 VERSES
7. 1 CORINTHIANS 16 CHAPTERS 437 VERSES
8. 2 CORINTHIANS 13 CHAPTERS 256 VERSES
9. GALATIANS 6 CHAPTERS 149 VERSES
10. EPHESIANS 6 CHAPTERS 155 VERSES
11. PHILIPPIANS 4 CHAPTERS 104 VERSES
12. COLOSSIANS 4 CHAPTERS 95 VERSES
13. 1THESSALONIANS 5 CHAPTERS 89VERSES
PAULINE LETTERS 13 BOOKS 87 CHAPTERS
14. 2THESSALONIANS 3 CHAPTERS 47VERSES
15. 1 TIMOTHY 6 CHAPTERS 133 VERSES
16. 2 TIMOTHY 4 CHAPTERS 83 VERSES
17. TITUS 3 CHAPTERS 46 VERSES
18. PHILEMON 1 CHAPTERS 25 VERSES
GENERAL AND PASTORAL LETTERS 13 BOOKS 87 CHAPTERS
19. HEBREWS 13 CHAPTERS 303 VERSES
20. JAMES 5 CHAPTERS 108 VERSES
21. 1 PETER 5 CHAPTERS 105 VERSES
22. 2 PETER 3 CHAPTERS 61 VERSES
23. 1 JOHN 5 CHAPTERS 105 VERSES
24. 2 JOHN 1 CHAPTER 13 VERSES
25. 3 JOHN 1 CHAPTER 15 VERSES
26. JUDE 1 CHAPTER 25 VERSES
PROPHECY / APOCALYPTIC
27. REVELATION 22 CHAPTER 25 VERSES
REVIEW OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT
THE OLD TESTAMENT HAS 39 BOOKS IN PROTESTANT
BIBLE
46 IN ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLE
50 BOOKS IN ORTHODOX BIBLE
27 BOOKS IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
TORAH OR PENTATEUCH ARE 5 FOUNDATION BOOKS –

GENESIS ,EXODUS,LEVITICUS,NUMBERS AND
DEUTERONOMY
GOD CALLS ISRAEL TO BE HIS PEOPLE,FREES ISRAEL
FROM ITS BONDAGE IN EGYPT AND ENTERS INTO A
COVENANT WITH ISRAEL AT MOUNT SINAI.
THE HISTORICAL BOOKS ARE
JOSHUA,JUDGES, RUTH, 1 AND 2 SAMUEL, 1 AND 2
KINGS, 1&2 CHRONICLES, EZRA,NEHEMIAH AND
ESTHER.
THE HISTORICAL BOOKS TRACE THE HISTORY OF
ISRAEL OVER A PERIOD OF SOME EIGHT
HUNDRED YEARS
THE ENTRY OF THE ISRAELITES INTO THE PROMISED
LAND, CANAAN UNDER JOSHUA IN 1250 B.C
THE SETTLEMENT OF THE LAND DURING THE
200HUNDRED YEAR PERIOD OF JUDGES
THE HISTORICAL BOOKS ARE
JOSHUA,JUDGES, RUTH, 1 AND 2 SAMUEL, 1 AND 2 KINGS,
1&2 CHRONICLES, EZRA,NEHEMIAH AND ESTHER.
THE MONARCHIES OF SAUL, DAVID IN C.1000 B.C
AND SOLOMON AS KINGS OVER ISRAEL.
THE SPLIT AND DIVISION OF THE LAND INTO THE
KINGDOMS OF ISRAEL AND JUDAH AND THEIR DEFEAT BY
THE ASSYRIANS IN 721 B.C AND THE BABYLONIANS IN
586 B.C
THE EXILE IN BABYLON AND THE RETURN OF THE EXILES TO
ISRAEL IN 538 B.C
THE RESETTLEMENT OF JERUSALEM AND JUDEA UNDER
THE LEADERSHIP OF EZRA AND NEHEMIAH MID 400B.C
THE PROPHETS
THE PROPHETS ARE THECOLLECTED WRITINGS OF
THE 4 MAJOR PROPHETS- ISAIAH,JEREMIAH,
EZEKIEL AND DANIEL
THE 12 MINOR PROPHETS ARE HOSEA, JOEL,AMOS,
OBADIAH, JONAH,MICAH,NAHUM,HABAKKUK,
ZEPHANIAH,HAGGAI,ZECHARIAH AND MALACHI
THE PROPHETIC WRITINGS ALSO INCLUDE THE
BOOK OF LAMENTATIONS, JEREMIAH’S LAMENTS
OVER THE BABYLONIAN DESTRUCTION OF
JERUSALEM IN 586 B.C
THE WRITINGS
THIS COLLECTIONS ARE ALSO
CALLED THE DEVOTIONAL AND
WISDOM LITERATURE.
COMPRISE THE BOOK OF JOB,
PSALMS,PROVERBS,ECCLESIASTES
AND SONGS OF SOLOMON OR
SONG OF SONGS
THE NEW TESTAMENT HAS 27
BOOKS DIVIDED INTO 4 SECTIONS
THE GOSPELS, OF MATTHEW,

MARK, LUKE AND JOHN ARE THE
WRITTEN TESTIMONIES TO THE
LIFE , DEATH AND RESSURECTION
OF JESUS
THE NEW TESTAMENT HAS 27 BOOKS
DIVIDED INTO 4 SECTIONS
THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLE:

ARE THE HISTORICAL ACOOUNT OF THE
EARLY DAYS OF THE JERUSALEM
CHURCH AND THE 3 MISSIONARY
JOURNEYS OF PAUL, COVERING THE
PERIOD A.D 30 TO 60S
THE NEW TESTAMENT HAS 27 BOOKS DIVIDED INTO
4 SECTIONS
THE LETTERS OR EPISTLES:
COMPRISE 13 LETTERS WRITTEN BY OR ATTRIBUTED
TO PAUL- LETTERS WRITTEN TO CHURCH
COMMUNITIES IN
ROME,CORINTH,GALATIA,EPHESUS,
PHILIPPI,COLLOSAE AND THESSALONICA, AND
PERSONAL LETTERS WRITTEN TO TIMOTHY,
TITUS, AND PHILEMON, THE LETTERS TO THE
HEBREWS, AND THE SEVEN GENERAL LETTERS OF
JAMES,PETER,JOHN AND JUDE.
THE NEW TESTAMENT HAS 27 BOOKS
DIVIDED INTO 4 SECTIONS
THE REVELATION:
TO JOHN CONSISTS OF APOCALYPTIC
VISIONS ABOUT THE SOVEREIGNTY
OF GOD AND HIS COMING VICTORY
AND TRIUMPH OVER THE FORCES OF
EVIL
1. THE JEWISH CANON CONTAIN 24 BOOKS
2. THE PROTESTANT OLD TESTAMENT
CONTAINS 39 BOOKS
3. THE CATHOLIC OLD TESTAMENT CONTAINS
46 BOOKS; THE 7 ADDITIONAL BOOKS
COME FROM SEPTUAGINT OR APOCRYPHA
4. THE ORTHODOX OLD TESTAMENT
CONTAINS 50 BOOKS: THE CATHOLIC OLD
TESTAMENT PLUS 1 ESDRAS, 3 MACABEES,
THE PRAYER OF MANASSEH AND PSALM
151
THANK YOU VERY MUCH!
BUT WAIT THERE IS MUCH
MORE!!!
SEE YOU LATER!

Nature and Characteristic of The Bible

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nature and Characteristic of The Bible

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WHAT IS THE BIBLE?

HOW THE BIBLE CAME

“ALL SCRIPTURE IS GIVEN BY

“BUT HE ANWERED AND

 IT IS NOT THAT THERE WAS FIRST A SACRED

 THE BIBLICAL PEOPLE LIVED THEIR RELIGION WITHIN

 1. BELIEF IN ONE GOD

 IS THE WRITING HIGHLY VALUED BY A

 TRANSLATOR MUST TRANSLATE THE BEST

• FROM DATE 1300 BCE

• FROM DATES 4-6 BCE

• BIBLICAL WRITERS PAGES 12-17

 THE NEW TESTAMENT GENERAL CATEGORIES

TORAH OR PENTATEUCH ARE 5 FOUNDATION BOOKS –

THE GOSPELS, OF MATTHEW,

THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLE:

You might also like