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07 Moist Processes
07 Moist Processes
ENVI1400: Lecture 7
Water in the Atmosphere
• Almost all the water in the atmosphere is
contained within the troposphere.
• Most is in the form of water vapour, with some
as cloud water or ice.
• Typical vapour mixing ratios are:
~10 g kg-1 (low troposphere) (can be up to ~20 g kg-1)
~1 g kg-1 (mid troposphere)
The different lapse rates of unsaturated and saturated air mean that air flowing
down the lee side of a mountain range is frequently warmer than the air on the
upwind side. In the Alps this warm dry wind is called the Föhn, in American
Rockies it is known as a Chinook. The onset of such winds can result in very
rapid temperature rises (22°C in 5 minutes has been recorded) and is
associated with rapid melting of snow, and avalanche conditions.