FLOW

MEASUREME
NT
VENTURI

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 Index

1. Introduction
2. Principle of Operation
3. Governing Standard
4. Installation Consideration
5. Accuracy
6. Rangeability
7. Metallurgy
8. Vendor
9. Adv & Disadvantage
10. P&ID
11. Questions & Answers
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 Introduction of Venturi Meter: -: -
A venturi meter is a variable head meter which is used for measuring the flow
rate of a fluid through a pipe.

In this meter, the fluid is gradually accelerated to a throat and then gradually
retarded in a diverging section where the flow expands to the pipe size.

A large portion of the kinetic energy is thus recovered (converted back to

pressure energy).
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 Principle of Venturi Meter

• The basic principle on which a venturi meter works is that by reducing

the cross-sectional area of the flow passage, a pressure difference
enables the estimation of the flow rate through the pipe.

• The Venturi effect states that in a situation with constant mechanical

energy, the velocity of a fluid passing through a constricted area will
increase and its static pressure will decrease . The effect utilizes both
the principle of continuity as well as the principle of conservation of
mechanical energy.(Bernoulli’s principle)

L &T Hydrocarbon Engineering Ltd. Saturday, February 4, 2023

 Construction of Venturi Meter

The inlet section venturi meter is of the same diameter as that type of the
pipe line in which it is installed which is followed by the short
convergent section with a converging cone angle of 15-20‫ﹾ‬and its length
parallel to the axis is approximately equal to2.7(D– d), where
D1 is the pipe diameter and D2 is the throat diameter

L &T Hydrocarbon Engineering Ltd. Saturday, February 4, 2023

 The cylindrical throat – the section of constantcross-section with its length
equal to diameter.The flow are is minimum at the throat. The commonly
diameter of throat is ½ the pipe diameter.
A long diverging section gradual divergent cone with a cone angle of about
5-7‫ ﹾ‬where in the fluid is retarded and a large portion of the kinetic energy
is converted backinto the pressure energy.
At the inlet section and the throat of the venture meter are provided
through the Manometer

L &T Hydrocarbon Engineering Ltd. Saturday, February 4, 2023

 Working of venturi Meter

• A venturi meter of known coefficient is installed in the pipeline and

the pressure taps are connected to a pressure measuring device.
• Air pockets, if any, are removed from connecting tubings, measuring
device, etc. after staring the flow of fluid through the pipeline in which
it is installed for flow measurement.
• In this meter, the fluid is accelerated in the converging cone and then
retarded in the diverging cone gradually. An increase in the flow
velocity at the throat results in a decrease in the pressure at the throat

L &T Hydrocarbon Engineering Ltd. Saturday, February 4, 2023

 • Due to this a pressure difference is developed between the inlet
section & throat which is measured with the help of manometer after
the steady state is attained.
• The pressure difference is then related to the flow rate by a
mathematical flow equation for the meter.

L &T Hydrocarbon Engineering Ltd. Saturday, February 4, 2023

 Head Type Flowmeter:
 Orifice plates,
 Venturi tubes,
 Flow Nozzle
 Averaging Pitot tubes
 Variable Area Flowmeters

Flow is proportional to the square root of the differential pressure.

The differential pressure ranges generally run from 2.5kPa to 50kPa

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 Ava:
Lower head losses than orifice plateees reducing the capital expenditure on pumping equipment/ save
pump energy cost.
Repeatability
The coefficient oof discharge for the venturi is high
Used for high flow rate
Accuracy is high over wide flow range
No process interruption for the exchange of the DP transmitter.

Can be used for temperature extremes

Cryogenics or high temperature.

Dis:
Installation cost of venturi meter is high
Highly expensive
Pipe diameter less than 76.2 mm
Non linear
Larger & heavier to handle
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 • Calculating the flow rate of fluid that is discharged through the pipe.
• In the industrial sector, it is used to determine the pressure as well of
the quantity of gas and liquid inside a pipe.
• The flow of chemicals in pipelines.
• This is widely used in the waste treatment process where large
diameter pipes are used.
• Also used in the medical sector to the measure the flow rate of blood
in arteries.
• This also used where high-pressure recovery is required.

L &T Hydrocarbon Engineering Ltd. Saturday, February 4, 2023

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 Venturi:
Venturi flowmeters are used where higher pressure drop is not desirable

Venturis are of Three types (As per ISO 5167-4):

 As Cast Iron Convergent Section
 Machined Convergent Section
 Fabricated Convergent Section

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Tapping Orientation for Head type Flowmeters:
 Liquid Service: 45 or 90 Deg Downward

 Gas Service: 45 or 90 Deg Upward

 Steam: Horizontal
Straight Run Requirement for Orifice Flowmeters:
Mass Flowmeter:

Two main type of mass flowmeters are :

 Coriolis Mass Flowmeter
 Thermal Mass Flowmeters.

The Coriolis meter measures mass regardless of other fluid properties.

However, it does have sensitive problems when low pressure gas is being
measured. Thermal meters work best with constant composition gases and
they are not pressure sensitive.
CORIOLIS MASS FLOWMETER
L &T Hydrocarbon Engineering Ltd. Saturday, February 4, 2023
L &T Hydrocarbon Engineering Ltd. Saturday, February 4, 2023
L &T Hydrocarbon Engineering Ltd. Saturday, February 4, 2023
Coriolis Mass Flowmeter
Coriolis mass flowmeters directly measure mass flow.
The deflection of tubes caused by the Coriolis or twisting force is related to
mass flow.
The Coriolis meter is used with liquids, including liquids with a limited amount
of entrained gas as well as slurries.
Advantages:
 High Accuracy
 Large Turndown
 Density measurement
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