1. The document discusses various methods of flow measurement including positive displacement meters, orifice plates, venturi tubes, nozzles, and rotameters.
2. It provides definitions and diagrams to explain the principles and workings of each type of flow meter.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are outlined with a focus on positive displacement meters.
1. The document discusses various methods of flow measurement including positive displacement meters, orifice plates, venturi tubes, nozzles, and rotameters.
2. It provides definitions and diagrams to explain the principles and workings of each type of flow meter.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are outlined with a focus on positive displacement meters.
1. The document discusses various methods of flow measurement including positive displacement meters, orifice plates, venturi tubes, nozzles, and rotameters.
2. It provides definitions and diagrams to explain the principles and workings of each type of flow meter.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are outlined with a focus on positive displacement meters.
B.E. Semester – 5 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING An Presentation On “FLOW MEASUREMENT” Submitted by: Sr.No Name Enrollment No.
1. Brijesh Jha 161120105017
2. Narayan Bhargav 161120105004
3. Sojitra Umang 161120105058
4. Navadiya Vivek 161120105035
ACADEMICS YEAR :- (2018-2019)
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT : GUIDED BY:
Piyush Modi Dishank Taylor DEFINATION • Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow can be measured in a variety of ways. Positive- displacement flow meters accumulate a fixed volume of fluid and then count the number of times the volume is filled to measure flow . • The value of product being measured by these meters is also very large. For example, in the U.K. alone, it was estimated that in 1994 the value of crude oil produced was worth $15 billion. • It is somewhat surprising that both the accuracy and capability of many flowmeters are poor in comparison to those instruments used for measurement of other common process variables such as pressure and temperature.. Principles of Fluid Flow in Pipes
In laminar flow , the fluid travels as parallel
layers (known as streamlines) that do not mix as they move in the direction of the flow. If the flow is turbulent, the fluid does not travel in parallel layers, but moves in a haphazard manner with only the average motion of the fluid being parallel to the axis of the pipe.
. Principles of Fluid Flow in Pipes
• The Reynolds number Re is the ratio of the
inertia forces in the flow to the viscous forces in the flow and can be calculated using: • Re=Du$/µ • If Re < 2000, the flow will be laminar. • If Re < 4000, the flow will be turbulent. • If 2000<Re<4000, the flow is transitional • The Reynolds number is a good guide to the type of flow DIAGRAM OF LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW MAJOR TYPES OF FLUID MEASUREMENT DEVICES
• 1. THE ORFICE PLATE
• 2.THE VENTURI TUBE • 3.THE NOZZLE • 4.ROTAMETER THE ORFICE PLATE DIAGRAM The Orifice Plate • An orifice plate is a device used for measuring flow rate, for reducing pressure or for restricting flow (in the latter two cases it is often called a restriction plate). • Either a volumetric or mass flow rate may be determined, depending on the calculation associated with the orifice plate. • It uses the same principle as a Venturi nozzle, namely Bernoulli's principle which states that there is a relationship between the pressure of the fluid and the velocity of the fluid. • When the velocity increases, the pressure decreases and vice versa Venturi Tube Diagram The Venturi Tube • The smooth design of the Venturi tube means that it is less sensitive to erosion than the orifice plate, and thus more suitable for use with dirty gases or liquids. • The Venturi tube is also less sensitive to upstream disturbances, and therefore needs shorter lengths of straight pipework upstream of the meter than the equivalent orifice plate or nozzle. • Like the orifice plate and nozzle, the design, installation, and use of the Venturi tube is covered by a number of international standards. Nozzle Diagram Nozzle Description • The nozzle combines some of the best features of the orifice plate and Venturi tube. • It is compact and yet, because of its curved inlet, has a discharge coefficient close to unity. • There are a number of designs of nozzle, but one of the most commonly used in Europe is the • ISA-1932 nozzle, while in the U.S., the ASME long radius nozzle is more popular. Both of these nozzles are covered by international standards . Rotameter • Rotameter consists of a conical transparent vertical glass tube • The flow rate is proportional to the height of the bob. The rotameter is characterized by: • Simple and robust construction • High reliability • Low pressure drop Advantages PD Meters
High-quality, high accuracy, a wide range, and
are very reliable, insensitive to inlet flow profile distortions, low pressure drop across the meter. Until the introduction of electronic correctors and flow controls on other types of meters, PD meters were most widely used in batch loading and dispensing applications. All mechanical units can be installed in remote locations . Disadvantages PD Meters • Bulky, especially in the larger sizes. • The fluid must be clean for measurement accuracy and longevity of the meter. • More accurate PD meters are quite expensive. • Have high inertia of the moving parts; a sudden change in the flow rate can damage the meter. • Only for limited ranges of pressure and temperature • Most PD meters require a good maintenance schedule and are high repair and maintenance meters. • Recurring costs in maintaining a positive displacement • flowmeter can be a significant factor in overall flowmeter cost.
Hydraulic Tables; The Elements Of Gagings And The Friction Of Water Flowing In Pipes, Aqueducts, Sewers, Etc., As Determined By The Hazen And Williams Formula And The Flow Of Water Over The Sharp-Edged And Irregular Weirs, And The Quantity Discharged