Gender &

Sexuality
FOR THE YOUNG PEOPLE
• Women’s bodies are shameful.

• A woman cannot be happy without a man.

• Women’s bodies belong to men.

• Women have less sexual desire than men.
• Old maids are undesirable and frigid.

• Masturbation is bad and abnormal,

especially for women.

Presented by Florenda P. Española 2

• It is not a battle of the sexes

• It is not anti-men

• Both men and women are involved in

gender issues

• Both men and women have a stake in the

struggle for gender equality

Presented by Florenda P. Española 3

• Who invented sex?
• How would you order the following?
– Love
– Marriage
– Sex

• What do you like in being a woman?

• What do you like in being a man?

Presented by Florenda P. Española 4

ATTRIBUTE MEN WOMEN

Genetic XY XX

Testosterone Estrogen /
Hormone progesterone

Gonadal Sex Testes Ovary

External Penis / scrotum Clitoris / labia

Genitalia
•Adam’s apple •Bigger breasts
•Male hair •Wider hips
distribution •Female hair
Physique
•More muscle distribution
• more body fats
Presented by Florenda P. Española 5
 BASIS FEMALE MALE
•Weak •Strong
•Emotional •Unemotional
Perceptions •Is not logical •Rational
•Secondary •Primary

•Cannot do hard work •Can do hard work

•Cannot be the boss •The Leader
Roles •Cannot make decisions •The Boss
•Cannot be a leader •Cannot show affection

•Stay at home •Don’t make women do

•Just obey hard work
•Do not assert •Always be smart
Expectations •Do not participate in •Get the best
decision making •Don’t cry
•Wait on husband •Always have money

Presented by Florenda P. Española 6

 GENDER SEX

Ideological Biological

It is acquired after birth Is acquired before birth

Differences between men and

Biologically determined, dictated
women that are learned,
by genetic laws, labeled as male
changeable over time, and with
or female
wide cultural variations

Socio-economic variable to
analyze roles, responsibilities, Universal, fixed, and is a valid and
constraints, opportunities, and natural distinguishing variable
needs of men and women
Presented by Florenda P. Española 7
• Gender roles are learned behaviors in a
given society or social group that condition
which activities, tasks, and responsibilities
are perceived as female and male.
Child rearing is a female gender role.
• Sex role refer to an occupation or
biological function for which a necessary
qualification is to belong to one particular
sex category.
Pregnancy is female sex role.
Presented by Florenda P. Española 8
• Family
• Ideological Beliefs
• Church
• School • Geography
• Community
• Government
• Ethnicity
• Media
• Age
• Work Environment

Presented by Florenda P. Española 9

• Infanticide and foot binding in prewar
China
• Lack of education and employment in
Taliban-ruled Afghanistan
• Chastity belt in Medieval Europe
• Genital mutilation in the Middle East and
Africa
• Wife burning in India
• Prostitution
• Sexual exploitation
• Sex trafficking
Presented by Florenda P. Española 10
• Refers to the expression of who we are.
Involves a person’s thoughts, feelings, and
sexual expression and relationships, as
well as, the biology of the sexual response
system
• Begins before birth and lasts a lifetime
• Involves giving and receiving sexual
pleasure as well as enabling reproduction
• Total sensory experience (mind and boldy)
not just the genitals
Presented by Florenda P. Española 11
• Involves four dimensions according to

Dixon Mueller
– Sexual Acts

– Sexual Partnerships

– Sexual Meanings

– Sexual Drives and Enjoyment

Presented by Florenda P. Española 12

A. The Body and Physiologic Processes
• The miracle that is our body
• Development of self-awareness and self-
esteem
• Feeling good about being male / female
• Being comfortable with bodily functions
B. Interpersonal Relationship
• Sharing of sexual passions in an equal
relationship
• Heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual
relationships
• Respect for another’s individuality
Presented by Florenda P. Española 13
C. Desire, Energy, Activity, Need
• Humans have desires

• Celibacy (renunciation of sexual

relationships) is against human nature

• Masturbation and orgasm are ways of

releasing sexual energy

• Rape is an abnormal sexual activity since it

aims to subdue the victim
Presented by Florenda P. Española 14
D. An Instrument of Repression

• In some cases, men’s wishes are the law.

Sexuality is used to keep women mired in

their exploited state

• Before 1994 (Cairo Conference), the policy

was coercion and control rather than

choice and opportunity

Presented by Florenda P. Española 15
• 15,000,000 teenage girls give birth each
year, comprising 1/5 of all births worldwide
• 4,400,000 teenage girls have their babies
aborted each year in developing countries
• One out of 20 teens contracts STDs each
year, causing infertility or death
• There is a grave lack of information on the
consequences of risky sexual behavior
among adolescents
Presented by Florenda P. Española 16
• Twenty-one percent of illegitimate births
occurred from mothers 15 to 19 years old
• 2,500,000 of Filipinos 15 to 24 have
engaged in premarital sex. 1,670,000 of
whom are not willing to become parents
• Thirty percent of young people’s first
sexual experiences were unplanned or
against their will
Presented by Florenda P. Española 17
• Most instances of PMS were unprotected

(62% for women, and 28% for men)

• 80,000 women are hospitalized annually

for complications from unsafe abortions

• In 2004, the population was 82,700,000

Presented by Florenda P. Española 18

 INFANCY Birth to 2 years

CHILDHOOD 2 to 13 years

ADOLESCENCE 13 to 20 years

ADULTHOOD 21 to 64 years

EARLY SENESCENCE 64 to 67 years

SENESCENCE 75 years and above

Presented by Florenda P. Española 19

Presented by Florenda P. Española 20
• Estrogen secretion stimulates breast
development (onset of breast development
called thelarche).
• Beginning of pubic hair development
• Growth spurt occurs earlier than males –
after thelarche. Peaks at age 11-12.
• Females reach 95% of adult height at age
13.
Presented by Florenda P. Española 21
• PUBIC HAIR GROWTH

Presented by Florenda P. Española 22

• BREAST DEVELOPMENT

Presented by Florenda P. Española 23

• Breast buds become secondary mounds
• Pubic hair becomes coarser and thicker
(adult type of pubic hair)
• Vagina elongates and acidifies
• Labia majora becomes thicker and covers
the introitus
• Menstruation begins (menarche)
• Areola recedes

Presented by Florenda P. Española 24

• Early Puberty
– Testicular development
– Penile enlargement
– Appearance of pubic hairs at age 12
• Mid-Puberty
– Seminal fluids produced in small amounts
– Testes hangs farther from body to facilitate
sperm production
– First release of mature sperm at 13.5 to 14.5
– Erections occur
– Face and body hair develop
– Voice cracking
– Mild Breast development
Presented by Florenda P. Española 25
• Late Puberty
– Testes reaches adult volume of 20-25mL

– Male pattern of body hair achieved

– Beard forms

– Increase in body muscle mass and decrease

in fat

– Increase in strength and endurance

Presented by Florenda P. Española 26

• PHYSICAL CHANGES

Presented by Florenda P. Española 27

• SCROTUM
– contains testicles that produce sperms and
the sex hormone testosterone
• PENIS
– male main organ of reproduction
• EPIDIDYMIS
– storage of sperms
• VAS DEFERENS
– passage of sperms from testes to the urethra
to the penis
• Seminal vesicles and prostate gland-fluids
provide fuel (sugar) sperm cells to enable
them to swim
Presented by Florenda P. Española 28
Presented by Florenda P. Española 29
• Release of semen from the penis
• Quality and quantity of sperm as basis for
man’s ability to sire a child

Presented by Florenda P. Española 30

Presented by Florenda P. Española 31
Signals the readiness of a woman to bear a

child. The average menstrual cycle takes

approximately 28 days beginning on the first

day of the period to the first day of the next.

Cycles between 23-25 days are still

considered normal.

Presented by Florenda P. Española 32

Presented by Florenda P. Española 33
During the menstrual cycle, follicles in the

ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone.

These hormones cause the lining of the

uterus to thicken and increase in blood

supply. The thickening of the uterine wall or

endometrium takes place in preparation for

the coming of the fertilized egg.

Presented by Florenda P. Española 34
• Release of mature egg from the woman’s

ovary

• About twelve days after the first day of

menstruation, the ovaries release a

mature egg into the uterus, passing

through the fallopian tube. If sperms are

present, fertilization can occur at this time

Presented by Florenda P. Española 35
The uterine walls continue to thicken
secreting nourishing substances in
preparation for pregnancy. If the egg has not
been fertilized, the ovaries continue to
produce estrogen and progesterone in the
next 12 days with the amount of hormones
lessening in the last few days. As the
estrogen and progesterone levels decrease,
the blood vessels in the uterus close off and
the uterine lining is no longer nourished.
Presented by Florenda P. Española 36
Without a fertilized egg, the uterine wall will

shed off. This is menstruation. During

menstruation, most of the uterine lining is

shed off but the bottom third remains to form

a new lining. After menstruation, a new cycle

begins, with a new follicle growing

Presented by Florenda P. Española 37
• Occurs when the mature egg cell meets
or unites with a sperm cell. With the help
of the cervical mucus millions of sperm
cells swim up to the uterus through the
fallopian tube, but only one sperm
penetrates and fertilizes the egg cell
forming a zygote.
• Fertilization takes place during the
woman’s monthly ovulation period
(mature egg is released midway in the
menstrual cycle)
Presented by Florenda P. Española 38
• Embedding of the embryo in the uterus

• Once fertilized the embryo is embedded

into the inner surface of the uterus

(endometrium) so it can establish contact

with the mother’s blood supply for

nourishment

Presented by Florenda P. Española 39

• Avoid having sex at all (abstinence)

• Have sex with only one partner

• Have sex by touching genitals with your

hands (mutual masturbation)

• Use condoms during oral sex (prevents

infection with herpes and gonorrhea in the

throat)
Presented by Florenda P. Española 40
• Always use latex condoms for vaginal and
anal sex
• Have sex in ways that avoid getting your
partner’s body fluids in your vagina or
anus
• Oral sex less likely spreads HIV, if you get
semen in your mouth spit it out or swallow
it right away

Presented by Florenda P. Española 41

• Use spermicides (chemicals that kill

sperms)

• Avoid dry sex: tears vagina and anus,

increases chances of infection

• Get treated for any STD you may have

Presented by Florenda P. Española 42

• Human beings reproduce through the sex

act.

• Sex is an expression of affection between

two people who love each other. It

requires reciprocity, tenderness,

consideration, sympathy, patience, even a

sense of humor from both partners.

Presented by Florenda P. Española 43
• A sexually healthy person is aware of the

anatomy and physiology of the

reproductive process, thus enjoys sex,

does not suffer from physical defect or

diseases that interferes with sexual

fulfillment.
Presented by Florenda P. Española 44
• Feels tired rom hard work, not enough
food, illness or new baby
• Worried about something
• Does not like the partner
• Fears that others will see or hear her
having sex
• Afraid of becoming pregnant or getting an
infection
Presented by Florenda P. Española 45
• Partner enters her too soon, before she is
relaxed or wet enough
• She feels guilt or shame, or does not want
sex
• Has infection or growth in the vagina or
lower belly
• Has been circumcised (clitoris is removed)

Presented by Florenda P. Española 46

• The Sex Act has various stages: consent,

foreplay, arousal, penetration, coitus,

orgasm, relaxation and after-play.

• The five main stages to the sexual

response cycle: desire, excitement,

plateau, orgasm, resolution

Presented by Florenda P. Española 47

• Kissing is safe
• Touching is safe
• Oral sex is less safe but safer with a
condom
• Vaginal sex is risky but safer with a
condom
• Anal sex is very risky but safer with a
condom
Presented by Florenda P. Española 48
Presented by Florenda P. Española 49
The male attains orgasm right away after

rapid excitation and his sex interest falls off

just as fast.

Presented by Florenda P. Española 50

The woman’s excitation curve is a wave. Her
excitement builds up more slowly, staying at
one level for a while before reaching the
next. Similarly, her sex interest wanes in a
gradual manner.

Presented by Florenda P. Española 51

Here is what happens when a man and a woman
have sexual intercourse without considering male-
female excitation differences. The man reaches
orgasm rapidly and quickly loses interest
afterwards, while the woman remains unsatisfied.

Presented by Florenda P. Española 52

When husband and wife recognize their excitation
differences and try their best to give pleasure to
each other during foreplay, they can reach orgasm
together

Presented by Florenda P. Española 53

• To have good attitude towards sexuality,
we must be fully aware of our bodies as
well as the physiological changes
• A woman must decide what is good for
her body and for herself (when, how and
with whom she likes to get pregnant).
• All humans have sexual energy that
drives them to seek a sexual partner and
have sexual intercourse
Presented by Florenda P. Española 54
• To be human is to be sexual.
• Sexuality has two aspects: a person’s
body and a person’s relationship to
another person (sexual partner)
• Foreplay, sexual intercourse, and orgasm
bring about release of sexual energy and
the fulfillment of sexual desire.
• There is fusion of the person’s anatomy,
physiology, psychology, and social
relations in his sexuality.
Presented by Florenda P. Española 55
• Women’s bodies are shameful.
• A woman cannot be happy without a man.

• Women’s bodies belong to men.

• Women have less sexual desire than men.
• Old maids are undesirable and frigid.
• Masturbation is bad and abnormal,
especially for women.

Presented by Florenda P. Española 56

 Presented by

Florenda P. Española