Modes and Adaptation in Culture

Brien D. Turla, LPT

Instructor
Modes of Acquiring Culture

Imitation- Imitate

Indoctrination- Formal training/informal

Conditioning- Reward and Punishment

Adaptation to Culture
Parallelism- Culture develop in different places
but may have resemblance with other places.

Diffusion- Pass back and Forth

Convergence- Merged into one Culture

Fission- Break away and start developing new

Acculturation- incorporate behavioral patterns
of other culture to their own. By force or voluntary

Assimilation- Small adopted by large

Accommodation- respect each other

CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR
CULTURE
PRE-SPANISH ERA
• PAGANISM-POLYTHEISM
• SOCIAL CLASS
• GOVERNMENT
SPANISH ERA
• CATHOLICISM (CHRISTIANITY)
TRINITARIAN MONOTHEISM
• SPANISH LANGUAGE
• SOCIAL CLASS
SOCIAL CLASS
INSULARES- FULL BLOODED/SPAIN
PENINSULARES- FULL BLOODED/PHILIPPINES
TORNATRAS-
SPANISH+CHINESE+AUSTRONESEAN
MESTIZO DE ESPANOL-
SPANISH+AUSTRONESEAN
MESTIZO DE SANGLEY-
CHINESE+AUSTRONESEAN
SANGLEY- PURE CHINESE
INDIO- FULL BLOODED AUSTRONESEAN
NEGRITO- FULL BLOODED AETA OR BATAK
TARGET OF THE MISSIONARIES
The children of the native elite to create a core
group known as “intelligentsia”.

Popular Theatre- Pasyon, Senakulo, Korido,

Komedya and awi
POP CULTURE DURING THE
SPANISH ERA
ACCORDING TO LUMBERA 1984

Popular culture in the Philippines was created and

used by the Spaniards to the native Filipinos or
Indios via plays and literature to get the heart of
the natives and win it.
PASYON
Narrative about the life of Christ focusing on his
Passion, Suffering, Death and Resurrection.
DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA
Doctrina Christiana (1593), the first book to be
printed in the Philippines, was a prayer book
written in Spanish with an accompanying Tagalog
translation.
Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Cristo
This long poem, original and folksy in its rendition
of a humanized, indeed, a nativized Jesus, is a
milestone in the history of Philippine letters. 

Gaspar Aquino de Belen (Lumbera, p.14). Mahal

Na Pasion ni Jesu Christo
AMERICAN COLONIALIZATION
SYSTEM OF BELIEF
• PROTESNTISM
• ADVESNTIST
• METHODIST
• BAPTIS

Language
• English

Politics
• Liberal Concept
AMERICAN PERIOD
LUMBERA 19684

• Printing Press
• Radio
• TV
• Films
AMERICAN PERIOD
• Commercialization or Vulgarization of Art

• Intended for mass market, a threat to serious

artistic work

• Pop Culture was created by the elite for profit