FACULTY OF ELECTRONICS

CE DEPARTMENT

SELF STUDY PRESENTATION ON

FRACTAL ANTENNA CONCEPT & APPLICATIONS
COURSE - DEE (COMN)- 41B

SYNDICATE NO-04 DIRECTING STAFF

HAV CHAVAN SURAJ P EE NAVEEN REDDY
HAV SUNIL DUDI STUDENT DIRECTING STAFF
HAV BALWINDER KUMAR CAPT HARMEET SINGH
CAPT MANJEET SINGH
ASST DIRECTING STAFF
SUB UMESH KUMAR
HMT DHARAMVIR
 AIM

TO STUDY FRACTAL ANTENNA CONCEPT AND APPLICATION

 PREVIEW
 Introduction
 Scope
 Concept Of Fractal Antenna
 Antenna Parameter
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Applications
 Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION

 Invented by – Dr. Nathan Cohen in 1988

 Fractal means broken or irregular fragments
 Family of complex shapes that possess an inherent self
similarity or self affinity in their geometrical structure
 Came from unique occurrences in nature
 SCOPE

 Study of fractal antenna, working principle and parameter

 Study of design parameters for wideband communication

applications, frequency bandwidth, radiation pattern, transmit
power

 Study of antenna parameters using VNA: (VSWR, BW, S-

parameters etc).
 CONCEPT OF FRACTAL ANTENNA

 Working principle of FA

 Size, area and mass reduction (miniaturization)

 The effective length of the antenna can be increased keeping the
total area same
 MULTIBAND OPERATION
 A single antenna operating in two
or more frequency bands
multiband operation
 Antenna elements operating in
different frequency used
 In fractal antenna coupling
between sharp angles produce
different current paths achieving
multi band operation
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF FA
CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTAL

DETERIMISTIC NON-DETERIMISTIC

LINEAR NON-LINEAR FRACTAL BROWNIAN

MOTION

KOCH CURVE
MANDELBROT SET
MINKOWSI CURVE
JULIA SET
SIERPINSKI GASKET
HELBIRT CURVE
 TYPES OF FRACTAL ANTENNA

KOCH CURVE

MINKOWSKI CURVE

SIERPINSKI GASKET
 TYPES OF FACTRAL ANTENNA

SIERPINSKI CARPET

HILBERT CURVE
 CHARACTERISTICS OF FA

Self-Similarity

Small Dimension

Space-Filling Ability

Sharp Edges, Corners and Discontinuities

Multi/Wideband Characteristics
 GENERATION PROCESS

1. Adding the reflector (Assemble the

enclosure with the reflector under the
plastic cover.

2. Drill small tap holes on the opposite

side from the reflector in the following
positions and place a conductive screw

3. Cut four 8” pieces of the solid cour

wire and strip it bare
 GENERATION PROCESS
4. Use a marker and mark every 1” on
the wire .(This is where we are going
to make the bends)

5. Create fractals and repeat this step for

each wire.

6. Place and screw down each of your

fractals to the corner screw.
 FRACTAL ANTENNA PARAMETERS

 Bandwidth
 Radiation Pattern
 Transmit power
 Gain
 VSWR
 PARAMETER USING VNA
 Fractal antenna provides better efficiency and wide enough
bandwidth with consistent Gain, VSWR and S11 parameters for
higher resonant frequencies.

MEASUREMENT OF VSWR
MEASUREMENT OF S-PARAMETER
 MEASUREMENT OF GAIN
𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐧𝐚
𝐆𝐚𝐢𝐧=
𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐲 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐜 𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐧𝐚 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭
 ADVANTAGES
 Powerful, versatile and compact

 More reliable and lower cost

 Increased bandwidth and multiband capability

 The size of end product is reduced

 Better input impedance matching

 Frequency independent

 Only a single antenna is used instead of installing many

 DISADVANTAGES

 Gain is often low at higher iterations

 Geometry becomes too complex.

 Limited by numerical.

 Only few iterations can be designed, at higher frequencies

benefits may diminish.

 
 APPLICATION
 Extreme frequency range operation

 Compact enough to be mounted in a variety of locations

 Capability for covert operations

 RFID Technology

 Cell phones

 High definition television

 CONCLUSION

 Many variation of fractal geometry incorporated in to the design of

antenna

 Small sized, low profile and low weight antennas can be

developed by using fractal geometry

 Being in early stage of devolvement more innovations to come in

the future
JAI HIND