1151EC114 Waveguides and

Antennas
Dr. M.Saravanan
drsaravananm@veltech.edu.in

Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and

02/08/2023 1
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Physical significance of general solution:
Substitute
𝐼 𝑅 𝑍𝑅 
𝐸=𝐸 𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠h ( √ 𝑍𝑌 ) 𝑠 + 𝐼 𝑅 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h ( √ 𝑍𝑌 ) 𝑠 (1) 𝐼 𝑠= 𝐼 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙
𝑍0

( )
𝐸𝑅 𝑍𝑅  
𝐼 = 𝐼 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h ( √ 𝑍𝑌 ) 𝑠+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛h ( √ 𝑍𝑌 ) 𝑠(2) 𝐼 𝑠= 𝐼 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙
𝑍0 𝑍0

𝛾=√ 𝑍𝑌 When a line is terminated in its characteristics impedance

=
𝐸=𝐸 𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠h ( 𝛾 ) 𝑠+𝐼 𝑅 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h (𝛾 ) 𝑠 𝐼 𝑠= 𝐼 𝑅 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙 )
𝐸𝑅 𝐼𝑠
𝐼 =𝐼 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h ( 𝛾 ) 𝑠+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛h ( 𝛾 ) 𝑠 =𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙=𝑒
𝛾𝑙
𝑍0 𝐼𝑅
Put
From Equation (3)
𝐸 𝑠=𝐸 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+ 𝐼 𝑅 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙(3) 𝐸 𝑠=𝐸 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+𝐼 𝑅 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙
𝐸𝑅 (5)
𝐼 𝑠= 𝐼 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙 ( 4 )
𝑍0
Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and
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Input Impedance:

𝑍 𝑠=
𝐸𝑠
𝑍 𝑠=
(
𝑍 0 𝑍 𝑅+ 𝑍 0
𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙
𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 )
𝐼𝑠
𝐼 𝑅 ( 𝑍 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+ 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙   ) ( 𝑍0 + 𝑍 𝑅
𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙
𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 )
𝑍 𝑠=
𝑍 0 ( 𝑍 𝑅 + 𝑍 0 𝑡𝑎𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙   )
𝐼𝑅
( 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+
𝑍𝑅 
𝑍0
𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙
) 𝑍 𝑠=
( 𝑍 0 + 𝑍 𝑅 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛾 𝑙 )
( 𝑍 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+ 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙   )
𝑍 𝑠=
𝑍 0 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+ 𝑍 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙 𝑤h𝑒𝑛𝑙→∝,𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛾 𝑙→1

( )
𝑍0 𝑍 𝑅+ 𝑍 0
𝑍 0 ( 𝑍 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+ 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙   ) 𝑍 𝑠= 𝑍 0 = 𝑍0
𝑍 𝑠= 𝑍0+ 𝑍 𝑅
( 𝑍 0 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 + 𝑍 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙 )
If a line is terminated in its characteristic impedance
• When a finite line is terminated by its characteristics
=
𝑍 0 ( 𝑍 0 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+ 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙   ) impedance it behaves as an infinite line and that input
𝑍 𝑠= impedance is equal to its characteristic impedance.
( 𝑍 0 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 + 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙 )

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 Transfer impedance:
𝐸 𝑠=𝐸 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+𝐼 𝑅 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙
• Transfer impedance is defined as the ratio of
𝐸 𝑅 =𝐸 𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙− 𝐼 𝑆 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙
sending end voltage to the receiving current.
𝐼 𝑆 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙=𝐸 𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙− 𝐸𝑅
𝐸𝑆 𝐸𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙− 𝐸 𝑅
𝑍𝑇 = 𝐼 𝑆=
𝐼𝑅 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙
𝐸𝑅  
𝐼 𝑠= 𝐼 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙+
𝑍0
𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙 1=
(
𝐸𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 − 𝐸 𝑅 1
𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙 𝐼𝑅 )
𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 −
𝑍𝑇
𝑍0
𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙

𝐸𝑆   𝐸 𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠h2 𝛾 𝑙 𝐸 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 𝑍 𝑇
𝐼 𝑅 =𝐼 𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙 1= − − 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙
𝑍0 𝑍 0 𝐼 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙 𝑍 0 𝐼 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙 𝑍 0
Divide the equation by 𝐸 𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠h2 𝛾 𝑙 − 𝐸 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 − 𝑍 𝑇 𝐼 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛h2 𝛾 𝑙
𝐼𝑠 𝐸𝑆   1=
1= 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙 𝑍 0 𝐼 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙
𝐼𝑅 𝐼 𝑅 𝑍0
𝑍 𝑇 𝐼 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h2 𝛾 𝑙 − 𝐸 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 − 𝑍 𝑇 𝐼 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛h2 𝛾 𝑙
𝐼𝑠 𝑍𝑇 1=
1= 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙 𝑍 0 𝐼 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙
𝐼𝑅 𝑍0

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 𝑍 𝑇 𝐼 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h2 𝛾 𝑙 − 𝐸 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 − 𝑍 𝑇 𝐼 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛h2 𝛾 𝑙
1=
𝑍 0 𝐼 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙

𝑍 0 𝐼 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙= 𝑍 𝑇 𝐼 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h2 𝛾 𝑙− 𝑍 𝑅 𝐼 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙− 𝑍 𝑇 𝐼 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛h2 𝛾 𝑙

𝐼 𝑅 (𝑍 ¿ ¿0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙)= 𝐼 𝑅 ( 𝑍 ¿ ¿𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑠h2 𝛾 𝑙− 𝑍 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙− 𝑍 𝑇 𝑠𝑖𝑛h2 𝛾 𝑙)¿¿

𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙=𝑍 𝑇 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠h ¿ ¿ 2 𝛾 𝑙 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛h2 𝛾 𝑙)− 𝑍 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙 ¿

𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙= 𝑍 𝑇 − 𝑍 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙
𝑍 𝑇 = 𝑍 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛h 𝛾 𝑙+ 𝑍 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠h 𝛾 𝑙

𝑍𝑇 = 𝑍0 ( 𝑒 𝛾 𝑙 +𝑒 −𝛾 𝑙
2
+ 𝑍𝑅) (
𝑒𝛾 𝑙 − 𝑒 −𝛾 𝑙
2 )

Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and

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 Thank You

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