JIMMA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF SPECIAL NEED AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
PSYCHO- SOCIAL WELL- BEING OF STUDENTS WITH VISIUAL
IMPAIRMENTS IN JIMMA UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS
 Chapter One
1. Introduction
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Visual impairment is devastating physical condition is it with
deep emotional and economic implications. The consequence
affects not only the individual, but also the family and the
community. The loss of vision after illness or trauma causes
major changes in their life style, habits of the blind person which
may result in psycho-social adjustment.
WHO, has proposed the following definition for blindness :
A physical ,psychiatric, intellectual or sensory impairment ,whether
temporary or permanent ,provided that it last for a significant period
of time, that limits the capacity to perform one or more essential
activities of daily life and which can be caused or aggravated by
economic and social environment.
1.2. Statement of the problem

Sighted people consider blindness as disability that

makes it difficult to lead normal life.
The visually impaired therefore, are faced with many
problems, apart from adjusting with the loss of sight, of
coping with implicit and explicit reaction of the public to
his/her disability.
Person with visual impairment in particular do have
needs, aspiration, expectations and success in life like
that of their peers with no disabilities.
CONT......
Visually impaired is given a picture of person who
is useless, deserving of pity and of being regarded as an
invalid by those sighted people around them being blind
is full time occupation in itself”.
The implied meaning is that people with visually
impairment should not be expected to engage
themselves in any other activities other than coping
with being blind.
“like other people, person with visual impairment can be
comfortable and secure when they feel that they are
accepted, appreciated and liked.”
 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION

 To guide very purpose of this research is: assessing

psycho-social well-being of students with visual
impairment.
To assess psycho-social well-being of students with visual
impairments, following research questions are formulates
to got enough response from respondent.
What are challenges of psycho-social well-being on students
with visual impairment?
What is the factor that affect the psychological well-being of
visually impaired student?
What is the social well-being of students with visual
impairment?
 1.4. Objective of the study

1.4.1. General objective of the study

• The study is aimed to identify the psycho-social well-being
of students with visual impairment in Jimma university
1.4.2. Specific objectives of the study
• The study is also aimed to address the following specific
objectives.
• To identify challenges of psycho-social well-being of students with
visual impairment.
• To identify factors that affect psychological well-being of students
with visually impairment student.
• To identify factors that affect social well-being of student with
visually impairment student.
1.5. Significant Of the Study

• Studying the psycho-social well-being of students

with visual impairment is important to the
counseling service of the students with visual
impairment too.
1.6. Delimitation of the study
• Although identifying the psycho-social well-being of
visual impaired are vital among impaired people in
different cities, due to time and budget constraint the
scope of study was delimited in terms of variables and
study cite.
1.7. Operational definition of the study

• Psycho-social well-being: it refers to social and

psychological well-being of people.
• Visual impairment: is a decreased of the ability to
see.
• Impairment: any loss or abnormality anatomical
structure or function.
 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.1. Visual impairment and sight loss

• In this review we use the term "visual impairment"
to poor vision.
• The term sight loss is used more specifically to refer
to having developed a visual impairment, having
previously not had one another terms, such as blind
and low vision are used research we are reviewing
and have specific meanings.
2.2. Psychological problems of students with
visual impairment.

Blind people may prohibit various psychological

problems because of their disability which include:
• Denial or non-acceptance of the disability
• Resentment or a feeling of bitterness about having
become a victim of the disease,
• feeling of inferiority in comparison to healthy people or
feeling of low self-esteem and
• anxiety and depression.
2.3. Impact of visual impairment on mental well-being

• Becoming visually impaired will accompanied by a wide range of

emotions including irritation, frustration, anger, and shock and feeling
low.
• Initially, suicide attempts and suicidal thoughts, social withdrawal and
depressive feelings which corresponds with the findings on the mental
health screening measures.
• Furthermore, their visual impairment, adversely affected their sense of
identity, as they had lost their vision, and in some cases, their job,
independence and social activities.
• The loss of independence and consequent increased reliance on other
people was one of the main concerns.
2.5. Communication and social interaction

• A similar reinforcing process will be see in relation to communication

and social interaction.
• One qualitative study (Heine and Browning, 2002) showed that people
with a visual impairment often experience communication breakdown
in conversational situations. This can lead to feelings of social isolation
and low self-confidence, which in turn can lead to them withdrawing
from social situations, which then increases the risk of social isolation
and loneliness.
• Visual impaired children engage less frequently in manipulative play or
the functional use of toys and demonstrate more stereotypical
behaviors during play.
• Students with visual impairment have difficulties to develop their
interpersonal skills because they have fewer friends, fewer
opportunities to socialize, and fewer occasions than people who are
sighted.
2.6. Problems in orientation & mobility

• Blindness imposes restriction on the ability to move about and

control over self and the environment in relation to it. Thus the
inability in going out alone makes a visually impaired person feel
lonely and isolated.
• As a result, psychologically he develops a feeling of great fear while
going out alone.
2.7. Students with visual impairment and Problems in
conversation
• Facial expressions and body attitudes often give important cues to
sighted indicating sarcasm, worry, humor and other emotions.
• Visually impaired people lose the perception of these subtleties and
fail to develop the ability to use them in their speech. As a result of
this certain blandness in speech develops.
 CHAPTER THREE
Research methods

3.1. Study design

• The research design for this study will sequential
design and for realizing of the objectives of the study,
mixed or both qualitative and quantitative research
approach will approved.
3.2. Study area
• This study will be conduct in Jimma University which is
found in town of Jimma which is town is also located
in oromia region. It also situated approximately 346km
of south-western of Addis Abeba.
3.3. Target population and participants

• In this study, students with visual impairment in

Jimma University is the target population (i.e
42)visual impaired. And individuals with visual
impaired are participants for this study.
• With regard to sample size, a total of 42 out of
them we select participants out of which there are
3 males and 4 females are formally selected.
3.4. Sample and Sampling technique

• The researchers select non-probability sampling techniques.

Among that techniques simple random samplings are major
ones. In addition, 7 students with visual impairments i, e. 4
females and 3 males will taken as availability sampling
techniques for the questionnaire survey. Then from 42
participants we will used 7 sample respondents as
participants of the study.
3.5. Data collection instrument
• To collect the necessary data for the study, the researchers
select questionnaire both (open ended and close ended)
and interview. Procedures for data gathering methods
prepared based on the objectives of the study.
3.6. Procedures of data collection

• Procedures for data collection of this research are depend

on the place where students with visual impairment are
found.
• To collect data, researchers go dormitory specially for
male students, launch and class room area where
students with visual impaired found.
3.7. Data analysis techniques
• In order to analyze necessary data, different statistical
techniques are compute.
• To analyze quantitative data, the process of data analysis
are ongoing side by side with the interviews.
 CHAPTER FOUR
WORK PLAN AND BUDGET

4.1. Work plan

• The following is the table that show will be expect to carry out activities and
when each of them will be complete.
4.2. Cost Schedule/budget deficit