SUBJECT

SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY 9

 SUBJECT

SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY 9

 Question

Why does it take time for experts and scientists to develop a vaccine for
COVID - 19?
 Answer
This is because the process involves extensive experimentation or
scientific investigation. This requires the vaccine to undergo different
phases of clinicals trials, testing and observations.
Scientific Method

SUBJECT SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY 9

 Objectives:

1. Define scientific method.

2. Analyze and Investigate the data in a research paper.
3. Cite the importance of scientific method in our daily life.

SUBJECT SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY 9

 Scientific Method
A method or procedure that has characterized natural science since
the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation,
measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and
modification of hypotheses.

It consist of 5 steps namely:

 1st Step: Ask Question
The scientific method starts when you ask a question
about something that you observe: 

What Why When Who Which Where How

You need to have:

Question
Laboratory Notebook
 1st
Step: Ask Question
Example

I want to know: Which location is better to grow bean plants?

Outside Location or inside location?
 2nd Construct
Step: Hypothesis
A hypothesis is an educated guess about how things work. It is an
attempt to answer your question with an explanation that can be
tested. A good hypothesis allows you to then make a prediction.

Two Types
Null  the hypothesis that there is no significant difference or
Hypothesis correlation between specified things.

Alternative  the hypothesis that there is significant difference or

Hypothesis correlation between specified things.
 2nd Construct
Step: Hypothesis

You need to have:

Variables
Hypothesis
 2nd Construct
Step: Hypothesis
Example
Null
The null hypothesis is that there is NO significant correlation
Hypothesis
between growing a bean plant indoors or outdoors.

Alternative
Hypothesis The alternative hypothesis is that there IS significant
correlation between the two growing situations for bean plants.
 3rd
Step: Experimentation
Your experiment tests whether your prediction is accurate and thus your
hypothesis is supported or not. It is important for your experiment to be
a fair test. You conduct a fair test by making sure that you change only
one factor at a time while keeping all other conditions the same.

You need to have:

Materials/Variables
Procedure
 3rd
Step: Experimentation
2 Types of Variables
is the variable the experimenter changes or
Independent Variable controls and is assumed to have a direct effect
on the dependent variable. 

Age Gender
is the variable being tested and measured in an
Dependent Variable experiment, and is 'dependent' on the
independent variable. 

Scores in Science Growth

 3rd
Step: Experimentation
Materials
2 same Plants (Bean Plant)

Soil

Water

Outdoor Location

Indoor Location
 3rd
Step: Experimentation
procedure
Plant 2 bean plants in identical pots using the same type of soil. 

Setup A Setup B
Indoor Location Outdoor Location
 3rd
Step: Experimentation
procedure
Place two of these in an outdoor location, and place the other two
in an indoor location.

Setup A Setup B
Indoor Location Outdoor Location
 3rd
Step: Experimentation
procedure

Setup A Setup B
Indoor Location Outdoor Location

Experimental Group Control Group

 3rd
Step: Experimentation
procedure
Try to choose locations where the plants will get a similar amount
of sunlight. Care for the plants in an identical way, like giving the
same amount of water.

Setup A Setup B
Indoor Location Outdoor Location
 3rd
Step: Experimentation
procedure
Then, each day for the 14 days experimental period, observe and
measure plant growth. Carefully record the size of each plant in a
notebook.

Setup A Setup B
Indoor Location Outdoor Location
 4th
Step: Analyzing the Data

Once your experiment is complete, you collect your

measurements and analyze them to see if they support your
hypothesis or not.

You need to have:

Data Analysis Application
Graphs, Tables, Chart
 4th
Step: Analyzing the Data

Review the data and determine how the plants in

both environments progressed over the course of
the three weeks. You may choose to find an
average between the two indoor plants to
determine the "typical" indoor plant growth,
doing the same for the two outdoor plants to
calculate the "typical" outdoor plant growth.
 4th
Step: Analyzing the Data
Results

Microsoft Excel
 5th
Step: Draw Conclusion

Summarize how your results support or

contradict your original hypothesis.

t Decision
  Mean SD r value t value critical
Inside the 6.0714 4.3405
House 29 83
Outside the 7.0434 0.9940
House 9.93 29 31 31.56365743 1.782 Reject
 5th
Step: Draw Conclusion

The alternative hypothesis is that there IS

significant correlation between the two growing
situations for bean plants.
 2nd Construct
Step: Hypothesis
Example
Null
The null hypothesis is that there is NO significant correlation
Hypothesis
between growing a bean plant indoors or outdoors.

Alternative
Hypothesis The alternative hypothesis is that there IS significant
correlation between the two growing situations for bean plants.
 Generalization

 A scientific
method refers
to the orderly
process of
doing
scientific
investigation.
It consists of 5
STEPS listed
as follow: