TERRORISM

What is the goal of terrorism?

What is the effect on people?
How can we suppress terrorism?
Terrorism
According to Bruce Hoffman (1998) , author of Inside Terrorism, terrorism is:

Ineluctably political in aims and motives

Violent- or , equally important threatens violence
Designed to have far-reaching psychological repercussions beyond the immediate
victim or target
Conducted by an organization with an identifiable chain of command or
conspiratorial cell structure
Perpetrated by a subnational group or non –state entity
Terrorism

 According to Bruce Hoffman (1998) , author of Inside Terrorism,

terrorism is:

 Terrorism is the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear through

violence or the threat of violence in the pursuit of political change.
Terrorism is more often about a group’s belief that they are being
denied of their rights and that they are victims of discrimination or
unfair treatment.
Different Forms of Terrorism

 1. According to Byman (2002) , ethnic terrorism is different from

terrorism organized in the name of ideology, religion or economic
development. Ethnic terrorists are known to be more nationalistic and
can easily form their national identity than religious terrorist .
Different Forms of Terrorism

 2. According to Manalo (2004) , ideological terrorism is based on the

needs and goals of a group, which it satisfies by means of violence.
Their ideology might be related to religion and politics. The goal of
this group is to unite their members and connect with other
communities who will support them.
Different Forms of Terrorism

 3. Dr. Magnus Ranstorp (2000) said that religious fanatism is one of

the strongest motivations of terrorism , such as the case of Jewish,
Muslim and religious fanatics or extremists. He further said that
religious terrorism is a form of political violence driven by spiritual
crisis or reaction to changes in society and politics.
The Structure of terrorist Group

 Leadership

 The head of common organizations is often at the top of the structure.

 Giving command to their members, the leaders is also directly
involved in the activities of their group.
According to the study made by Cragin and Daly (2004), the leader’s
charisma or personal appeal is the key to the unity of his group
members.
Members

 One of the most important activities of the terrorist group is to recruit

new members who are needed to strengthen their organization and
replace members who are arrested , killed or have fled.
Command Centersssssss of Terrorist Groups

 Terrorist groups make use of command centers and control networks.

This is where they plan and organize their attacks. They give
maximum protection to their camp or bases and members.
Funds

 Many believe that terrorism will continue as long as funds are made
available for these terrorist groups. Terrorist group are getting
stronger through their global connection that serve as their source of
new members , weapons and other equipment.