T2.

2B Newton’s 1st law_Friction

A body will remain at rest or continue moving

at constant velocity unless acted upon by an
unbalanced (net) force.

If F = 0, then v = CONST. Newton’s first law

Friction - review
• Opposes the intended direction of the motion.

• Parallel to the contact surface.

Depends on

• types of surface,

• normal force.
Friction

There are two different friction co-efficients:

• μs: static friction co-efficient

• μd: dynamic friction co-efficient

F μsN F = μdN

where N is normal force

Maximum Static friction > Dynamic friction

Friction
• Suppose we begin to pull a crate to the right, with
gradually increasing force.
• We plot the applied force, and the friction force, as
functions of time:

tension static dynamic

Force

friction friction friction

T
f
Time
static dynamic
Friction
• During the static phase,
Fs,max
the static friction force Fs
exactly matches the

Force
tension
Fd
applied (tension) force. friction

• Fs increases to match the Time

static dynamic
tension until it reaches a
maximum value Fs,max.
• The friction force then almost instantaneously decreases
to a constant value Fd, called the dynamic friction force.
• Take note of the following general properties of the
friction force:
0 ≤ Fs ≤ Fs,max Fd < Fs,max Fd = a constant
Friction - example F μsN

A table with a coin on it is raised on one end

until the coin just starts to slide. The angle the
table makes with the horizon is 15. What is the
static friction co-efficient between the table
and the coin? y
N
Ff
x

θ = 15°
mg 15°
FBD, coin
Friction - example F μsN
y
N
Ff
x

θ = 15°
mg 15°
FBD, coin

∑Fy = 0 ∑Fx = 0
N – mg cos 15° = 0 Ff – mg sin 15° = 0
N = mg cos 15° Ff = mg sin 15°
Ff = μs N μs = mg sin 15° = tan 15°
mg cos 15°
mg sin 15° = μs mg cos 15° = 0.268
Friction - example F = μdN

Now the table is long and the coin is sliding down

at a constant speed when the table is raised at
an angle of 12 to the horizon. What is the co-
efficient of dynamic friction between the table
and the coin? y
N
Ff
θ = 12° x

mg 12°
FBD, coin
Friction - example F = μdN
y
N
Ff
x
θ = 12°
mg 12°
FBD, coin

∑Fy = 0 ∑Fx = 0
R – mg cos 12° = 0 Ff – mg sin 12° = 0
N = mg cos 12° Ff = mg sin 12°
Fd = μd N
 μd = tan 12° = 0.213
mg sin 12° = μd mg cos 12°