Ethernet Framing

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

 Foreword

Transmission over a physical medium requires rules that define the

communication behavior. The management of the forwarding behavior of
Ethernet based networks is controlled through IEEE 802 standards
defined for Ethernet data link technology. A fundamental knowledge of
these standards is imperative to fully understand how link layer
communication is achieved within Ethernet based networks.

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 Objectives

Upon completion of this section, trainees will be able to:

 Explain the application of reference models to networks.
 Describe how frames are constructed.
 Explain the function of MAC addressing at the data link layer.
 Describe Ethernet frame forwarding and processing behavior.

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Managing Network Communication

TCP/IP ISO Novell IBM

LANs WANs
IEEE 802 Standards Frame Relay PPP HDLC

 Networks are primarily managed by upper and lower layer

protocols.
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Layered Models – TCP/IP

Application

Transport
TCP/IP

Network

Ethernet Network Interface

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Layered Models - OSI

Provision of communications
7 Application between applications

Data formatting &

6 Presentation layer encryption/decryption

Establish, maintain and

5 Session layer manage sessions

Establish, maintain and

4
Transport layer manage end to end connection

3
Network layer Addressing and routing

2 Provision of link medium

Data link layer access & link management

1
Physical layer Bit flow transmission

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Encapsulation

7 Application Data

6 Presentation layer Data

5 Session layer Data

4
Transport layer Data

3
Network layer Data

2
Data link layer Data

1
Physical layer

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Communication Between Two End Stations

Host A Host B

Frame Header Data Trailer

 Data link layer frames are used to govern transmission over the
communications medium
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Frame Formats

Host A Host B

Ethernet II D.MAC S.MAC Type Data FCS

IEEE802.3 D.MAC S.MAC Length LLC SNAP Data FCS

Field Value >= 1536 (0x0600) Ethernet II

Field Value <= 1500 (0x05DC) IEEE802.3

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Ethernet II Frame

6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes 46-1500 bytes 4 bytes

D.MAC S.MAC Type Data FCS

0x0800 IP 2048 (0x0800)

0x0806 ARP 2054 (0x0806)

 The Ethernet II frame type is associated with protocols with a

type value greater than 1536 (0x600).
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IEEE802.3 Frame

6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes 38-1492 bytes 4 bytes

D.MAC S.MAC Length LLC SNAP Data FCS

1 byte 1 byte 1 byte 3 bytes 2 bytes

D.SAP S.SAP Control Org Code Type

STP 0x03 3 (0x03)

 The IEEE 802.3 frame type is associated with protocols with a

type value less than 1500 (0x05DC).
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Frame Forwarding

Host A Host B

MAC ： 10-0B-A9-23-38-10 MAC ： 10-0B-A9-9D-C9-B8

D.MAC

MAC ： 10-0B-A9-9D-B9-C8

 Media Access Control (MAC) addressing facilitates data link

layer communication
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The Ethernet MAC Address

48 bits

24 bits 24 bits

OUI Assigned by each organization

 MAC addresses are comprised of an organizationally unique

identifier and a vendor assigned address value.
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Unicast Frame Forwarding

48 bits

7 bits 0

Host A Host B

unicast

Host C Host D

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Broadcast Frame Forwarding

48 bits

FF FF FF FF FF FF

Host A Host B

broadcast

Host C Host D

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Multicast Frame Forwarding

48 bits

7 bits 1

Host A Host B

multicast

Host C Host D

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Carrier Sense

Host A Host B Host C

Carrier Sense (Network Occupied)

Host A Host B Host C

Data

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Frame Processing

Host A Host B

MAC B MAC A 0x0800 Data FCS IP Data

Data FCS
ETH_II

 Data link (frame) instructions are received, processed and

discarded.
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 Summary

 How does Ethernet determine the protocol to which a processed

frame should be delivered?
 How is it determined whether a frame should be processed or
discarded upon being received by an end device?

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Thank you
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