IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST

MERCIFUL, THE MOST BENEFICENT.

Name of the topic

Basic Electricity
ASHUGANJ POWER STATION CO. LTD.
Ashuganj, Brahmanbaria
 Name of the topic
Basic Electricity

Lectured By:
Mohammad Kamruzzaman
Senior Engineer (Generator)
Ashuganj Power Station Co. Ltd.
 Basic Electricity

@: Unit-01: Fundamentals of Electricity-1

@: Unit-02: Fundamentals of Electricity-2
@: Unit-03: Batteries, Generators & Motors
@: Unit-04: Transformers & Control Mechanisms
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1.1 Electron And Electricity

# An Atom has a NUCLEUS in its centre.
# Nucleus is composed with Proton &
Neutron.
# Electron moves around the Nucleus called
Orbit.
# Proton has +1 Charge, Electron -1 Charge
& Neutron has no charge.
# All Atoms have the same basic structure.
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There are the three important facts-

1. Opposite electrical charges of equal value
cancel each other out.
2. Opposite electrical charges are attracted
each other.
3. Like electrical charges are repelled by
each other.
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Electric current can flow as long as the

requirements meet:-

# there must be a force to push the

electron along.
# there must be a complete path
through with the electrons can flow.
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Figure shows a simple circuit –

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Producing Voltage-part-01
Voltage can be defined as the potential
difference between a positive charge and
negative charge. Voltage can be produce by
using-

1. LIGHT
2. PRESURE
3. HEAT
4. FRICTION
5. CHEMICAL ACTION
6. MEGNETISM
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Producing Voltage-part-01 : LIGHT

Photoelectric cells use light to produce voltage.
The photoelectric cell has an iron plate with
special alloy plate on top of it. A lens focuses
light on the alloy plate. When light hits the
alloy, it causes the electrons to move from
the alloy plate to iron plate. The alloy loses
electrons, so it becomes positively charged.
The iron gained electrons, so it becomes
negatively charged. The difference between
the positive and negative charge is voltage.
The more intense of light, the greater
voltage produced.
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Producing Voltage-part-01 : LIGHT

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Producing Voltage-part-01 : PRESURE

The right sort of crystal is put between
metal plates and then subjected to
pressure, electrons are driven out
the crystal and onto one of the metal
plates. The plate receives electrons
becomes negatively charged. The
difference between the negatively
charge plate and the other plate is
the amount of voltage.
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Producing Voltage-part-01 : PRESURE

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Producing Voltage-part-01 : HEAT

The thermocouple is made of two different
metals joined together. When heat applied at
the joint, two metal respond differently. In one
of the metals, electrons move towards the
heated junction point. In the other metal,
electrons move away from that junction. The
amount of voltage is depends on the
temperature difference between the hot
junction point and the other cold ends (the cold
junction) of the metal. The main limitation is
accuracy: system errors of less than one
degree Celsius (C) can be difficult to achieve.
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Producing Voltage-part-01 : HEAT

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Producing Voltage-part-01 : HEAT

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Producing Voltage-part-01 : HEAT

Thermocouples are suitable for measuring over
a large temperature range, up to 2300 °C.
Certain combinations of alloys have become
popular as industry standards. Selection of
the combination is driven by cost, availability,
convenience, melting point, chemical
properties, stability, and output. Different
types ( Type K, E, J, N & Platinum types B, R,
S) are best suited for different applications.
Some of these are:-
# Chromel - 90%nickel + 10% chromium
# Alumel - 95% nickel + 2% manganese + 2%
aluminium + 1% silicon
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Producing Voltage-part-01 : FRICTION

Friction is the rubbing of the two materials.

when glass and silk is rubbed together,
electrons are transferred from glass to the
silk. The glass becomes positively charged
and silk becomes negatively charge. The
voltage produced by friction is known as
static electricity.
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Producing Voltage-part-01 : FRICTION

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Producing Voltage-part-01 : CHEMICAL ACTION

Batteries that’s are made with cell, use

chemical action to produce voltage. A cell
usually consists of two plates of different
materials surrounded by a liquid or paste
called electrolyte. The chemical action that
produces voltage in a battery is a reaction
between the plates and the electrolyte.
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Producing Voltage-part-01 : CHEMICAL ACTION
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Producing Voltage-part-01 : MEGNETISM

When a conductor is passed through a

magnetic field, then there is produce
voltage in this conductor. This voltage will
cause current to flow through the
conductor. So, for this reason to produce
voltage, a conductor, a magnetic field and
some kind of motion is necessary.
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Producing Voltage-part-01 : MEGNETISM

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A schematic diagram of a simple circuit.
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۞ Voltage or Electromotive Force = E

۞ The unit of measures Voltage = V
۞ Current = I
۞ Current measures, ampere = a or A
۞ Resistance = R
۞ Resistance Measures ohm = Ω
۞ One Million Volt=1000000 or mega
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