Basic Concepts of Function

DEFINITION OF FUNCTION
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTION
Review:
Relation
- is a set of ordered pairs. The domain of a relation is the set of first coordinates, x or input
values. The range of a relation is the set of second coordinates, y or output values.

Example of ordered pair:

(1, 2)
x-coordinate y-coordinate
Ways to represent relation:
1. Relation in Table
Ways to represent relation:
2. Relation in Graph
Ways to represent relation:

3. Relation in Mapping Diagram

Ways to represent relation:

4. Domain and Range Description

Definition of Function
A function is a correspondence between two (2) sets of elements such that
with each element in the first set, there corresponds only one (1) element in the
second set. The first set is called the domain, and the set of all corresponding
elements in the second set is called the range.
A function associates each element in the domain with only one (1) element in
the range. This association is called a mapping. An input must only have one (1)
output. However, two (2) inputs can have the same output.
Represented with ordered pairs, mapping, graph and equation
Definition of Function
The Vertical Line Test

- An equation defines a function if each vertical line in a rectangular coordinate system

passes through at most one (1) point on the graph of the equation. If any vertical line passes
through two (2) or more points on the graph of an equation, then the equation does not define
a function.
Examples:
1. Ordered pair
Examples:
2. Mapping
Examples:
3. Graphs
Examples:
4. Equation
Identifying Functions:

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Evaluating Functions
To evaluate a function, simply replace its variable with a given
number or expression. We call this process substitution.

Example:
Evaluate
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 when 𝑥 = 3
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥2 − 4 when 𝑥 = −2
Evaluating Functions
Evaluate:
Evaluating Functions
Evaluate:
OPERATION OF FUNCTIONS
Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be functions. The four (4) basic operations on functions
are:
• Addition: (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
• Subtraction: (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
• Multiplication: (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)
• Division:
EXAMPLES

Find the following:

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EXAMPLES

Find the following:

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EXAMPLES

Find the following:

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COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS
• Composition of two (2) functions 𝑓 and 𝑔, denoted with the symbol “ ∘”,
is a special operation wherein one (1) function is applied to the result of
another.

(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥)

(f ∘ g)(𝑥)
COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS
COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS
COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS