QU A NT ITAT IV E R ESE AR C H

C HA PT E R 1 - I N TR O DU C TIO N

FRAMEWORK
By: FELIX ADRIAN N. DALIDA, LPT
 THEORETICAL CONCEPTUAL

O FFE R S A LO GICA L
TH E RELEVANT THE ORY ST RU C TU R E OF CO NN ECTED
O R THEOR IES T HAT C ONC E PTS THAT H ELP
U NDERPIN TH E P R OV ID E A PI CTU RE O R
K NOWLEDGE BASE OF V IS UA L DIS PLAY OF HOW
TH E PHENOMENON TO IDE AS IN A S TUDY RELATE
TO ON E ANO THER
B E RESEAR C HED .

PR E SE NTS A THE ORY T HAT
E XPL AINS WHY A PR OB LE M
UNDER ST UDY EXIST S
(Mercado, 1994)
A S E T OF INT ERREL AT ED CONS TR UCT S
( CONCE PT S ) , DEF I NIT IONS , AND
P ROP OS IT IONS T HAT P RES E NT A
S YS TE MATI C VI EW OF P HE NOMENA BY
S P E CIF YI NG THE RE LATI ONS AMONG
VAR IABLE S
(Kerlinger, 1973)

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
E X PL A IN S TH E
B EC O MES TH E B AS IS
C ON NE CT ION BE T WE E N
O F TH E R E S EA RC H
C ERTAI N FACTO RS AN D TH E
P RO BL E M
PRO BL E M
 A N O RG AN I ZE D B OD Y T HAT
EX PLA IN S W HAT H AS B E EN
D ON E AN D W HAT H AS B E EN
SAID O N TH E TOPI C O R
PRO BL E M BE I NG
INV E ST I GATE D
T HE C H OIC E OF A TH EO RY
DE PEN D S ON T HE N U MB ER AN D
N AT UR E O F VA R IAB LE S A ND T H E
R EL AT ION SHIPS BE IN G EX A MINE D

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A BACKGROUND I N THEORIE S ON
BEHAVI OR, EDUCATION, A S TARTIN G PO INT IN
COMMUNI CATI ON, SOCI OLOGY, DE VE LO PIN G A THEO RY I S
ECONOMI CS AND ANTHROPOLOGY C AN BE TO RE V IEW RELATED
VE RY US EF UL IN FORMULATI NG A
THEORETI CAL FRAMEWORK
L ITERATU RE
 Functions of Theoretical
Framework

Identifies variables to Explains how

Guides the data
be measured variables possibly
analysis
affect each other
 Functions of Theoretical
Framework

Stipulates the
Limits the scope of
Gain focus on specific viewpoint of the
data relevant to the
variables researcher in
framework analyzing the data
THE SELECTION OF A THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK REQUIRES A THOROUGH
UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROBLEM,
PURPOSE, SIGNIFICANCE AND
RESEARCH QUESTIONS OF A STUDY

GRAN T & OS ANL O O ( 2 01 4 )

CAN BE ‘ GRAPHI CAL OR I N A NARRATI VE
FORM SHOWI NG THE KEY VARI ABLES OR
C ONSTRUCTS TO BE STUDI ED AND THE
A NC H ORED ON TH E
PR ESUMED RELATI ONSHI PS BETWEEN THE O RE T ICAL FRAM EWORK
THEM

(Miles & Huberman, 1994)

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
SPE C IFIE S T HE VARIABLES OF
AN EL AB OR AT ION OF T HE
T HE ST UDY A ND TH E EXP ECTED
THE OR ET IC AL FR AME WOR K
F LO W O F R E LATI ONS HIP AM ONG
IN C ONC R E TE T ER M S
THEM
 VARIABLES TO BE
OBSERVED IN THE STUDY

ASSUMED CONNECTION BETWEEN

THE INDEPENDENT AND
IT EXPLAINS DEPENDENT VARIABLES
IN DETAIL
THE:
SUMMARIZED IN A PARADIGM OR
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
RESEARCHERS ARE AT LIBERTY TO
ADOPT EXISTING FRAMEWORKS, BUT
HAVE TO MODIFY IT TO SUIT THE
NATURE OF THE CONTEXT OF THEIR
RESEARCH AS WELL AS THE NATURE
OF THEIR RESEARCH QUESTIONS

FISH ER ( 2 0 0 7 )
QU A NT ITAT IV E R ESE AR C H
C HA PT E R 1 - I N TR O DU C TIO N

SAMPLING FORMULA

By: FELIX ADRIAN N. DALIDA, LPT

 YAMANE'S
FORMULA

TARO YAMANE (1967)

 AUT HOR OF THE
B OOKS:
TARO • Elementary Sampling Theory

YAMANE • Mathematics For Economists

• Statistics

DE VISED A SA M PL ING
CA L CU LAT IO N W HIC H
WA S NA ME D A FT E R HIM:
About
• Yamane's Formula
the Author
 Population
a big group of people from where you choose the
set of people to participate in your study

Sample
set of people to represent the population

Le t’s define the

fo ll owing terms: Sampling
process of choosing from the population the
respondents or subjects to answer your research
questions.
YAMANE'S
FORMULA

"A STATISTICAL FORMULA USED TO SOLVE

THE SAMPLE SIZE NEEDED GIVEN A CERTAIN
NO. OF POPULATION AND
40

30

MARGIN OF ERROR." 20

10

0
Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5
 PROBLEM:

A researcher plans to conduct a survey. If the

population on High City  is 1,000. Find the
Let's sample size if the margin of error is 5%.
Practice N = 1,000
e = 0.05
n=?
 PROBLEM:

Calculate the necessary survey size for a

population of 2500, with 9% margin of error.
Now It's
N = 
Your Turn e = 
n = 
 I DE NT IFY T HE NUMB E R OF
P OSSIB LE P OP UL AT ION OF
T HE ST UDY T HAT YOU HAVE .
Make sure to provide evidences where you got your
data such as documents or files.

 SOLVE F OR T HE SAMPL E SIZ E

OF YOUR P OP UL ATI ON
Use 5% margin of error.
PERFORMANCE
 P RE SE NT YOUR F INDI NGS
AND RESULT S NE XT MEE T ING
TASK
With PPT 5-10 min. presentation
QU A NT ITAT IV E R ESE AR C H
C HA PT E R 1 - I N TR O DU C TIO N

SCOPE & LIMITATION

By: FELIX ADRIAN N. DALIDA, LPT

Scope & Limitation explains the scope and
limits of the study in terms of:

Subject matter Respondents/ Variables to be

Subjects considered
Scope & Limitation explains the scope and
limits of the study in terms of:

Study Design Location Time Frame

 T HIS SE C T ION OF YOUR
ST UDY L AUNC HES T HE
L IMIT S OF T HE PROC E SS IN
WHIC H YOUR ST UDY WIL L
BE C ONDUC T ED
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
YOU WILL ALSO MENTION THE
NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS, THE
PLACE WHERE YOU WILL GET
YOUR DATA, THE INSTRUMENTS
TO BE USED, AND THE TIME
FRAME FOR COMPLETING YOUR
STUDY
HERE, YOU WILL DISCUSS THE
VARIABLES THAT YOU WILL
EXAMINE AND THE METHOD
THAT YOU ARE GOING TO USE
IT WILL SET THE APPLICABILITY
OF FINDINGS. ONLY THOSE
STATED IN THE SCOPE SHALL
COVER THE CREDIBILITY AND
GENERALIZABILITY OF RESULTS.