A presentation on

Presented By:
Dr. Jitendra Gurjar
Assistant Professor

Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Srinagar

 Contents
What is the Road?
The road is a paved way or a route or a thoroughfare
which drives you to reach your destination through
vehicles or foot.
Purpose of Road Classification
•A road network is composed of various types of roads,
each of which performs a particular service in facilitating
vehicular travel between points of trip origin and
destination, and in providing access to the property.
•Road classification is the orderly grouping of roads into
systems according to the type and degree of service they
provide to the public.
 Classification of Roads
Depending on weather
All weather roads: Fair weather roads:
These roads are negotiable These roads are operative only
during all conditions or seasons during the dry or non-monsoon
of the year, except at major seasons and causes interruption to
river crossing where some the traffic during the monsoon
interruption to traffic is seasons due to the overflow across
permissible up to certain extent. the river.
 Classification of Roads
Depending on the type of Carriage way/ Road pavement

Paved roads: Unpaved roads

The roads with a hard The roads without a hard surface or a
pavement or carriageways carriageway are known as unpaved
are called to be as paved roads or earth roads or gravel roads.
roads.
 Classification of Roads
Depending on Rigidity
Surfaced roads (BM, concrete): Unsurfaced roads (soil/gravel):
Roads which are provided with Roads that are not provided with
a bituminous or cement a bituminous or cement-
concreting surface are called concreting surface are called
surfaced roads. unsurfaced roads.
 Classification of Roads
Depending on topography
Hilly Roads Plain area roads:
The roads which are The roads which are constructed
constructed on hilly areas where on the plain area where there are
one can see frequent steep very few bends, ups and downs are
bends, ups and downs. The plain area roads.
capital required is more and it Planning and execution time is less
takes more time when when compared with the hilly
compared with the plain roads. roads.
 Classification of Highways
Based on the Traffic Volume (Vehicles per day)
Low traffic roads: 
•The roads which are carrying less than 400
vehicles per day is called low traffic roads.
•Village roads or rural roads are the best
examples of this type of roads.
Medium traffic roads: 
•The roads which are carrying on an average
of 400 to 1000 vehicles per day are called
Medium traffic roads.
•District roads are one of them
High traffic roads: 
•The roads which are carrying more than 1000
vehicles per day is called High traffic roads.
•National and State highways fall under this
category.  
 Classification of Highways
Based on location and function ( Nagpur road plan)
 National highway (NH)
 State highway (SH)
 Major district road (MDR)
 Other district roads (ODR)
 Village road (VR)
Based on a Modified System of Highways Classification

• Primary
 Expressways
 National Highways

• Secondary
 SH
 MDR

• Tertiary
 ODR
 VR
» Expressways are the highest class of
roads in the Indian road network.
» They are six or eight lane controlled -
access highways where entrance and
exit is controlled by the use of  slip
roads.
» Currently, approximately 1,583.4 km of
expressways are operational in India. Slip Roads
» Traffic at high speed (120km/hr)
» No slow moving traffic allowed.
• The operation, construction and
maintenance of National Expressways is
carried out by the Ministry of Road
Transport and Highways.
• The Ahmedabad Vadodara
Expressway is an expressway connecting
the cities of  Ahmedabad and
Vadodara in the state of Gujarat, India.
• The 93.1 km long expressway reduces
the travel time between the two
cities from two and a half hours to an Ahmedabad Vadodara Expressway
(also known as National Expressway
hour. 1, or the Mahatma Gandhi
Expressway)
 Expressways

Mumbai –Pune Expressway

The Pune Mumbai Expressway is six-lane concrete expressway. It spans a
distance of 94.5 km connecting Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra state and the
financial capital of India, with Pune.
 Expressways

P. V. Narasimha Rao Expressway is an 11.6 km long elevated road

connecting the Hyderabad International Airport with Mehdipatnam
 Expressways

Delhi Meerut Expressway

Delhi–Meerut Expressway is India's widest 96 km long expressway,
connecting Delhi with Meerut via Dasna in Ghaziabad in India.
Name of Expressways
»Ahmedabad Vadodara Expressway 93 km (58 mi) Gujarat
» Mumbai Pune Expressway 95 km (59 mi) Maharashtra
»Jaipur-Kishangarh Expressway 90 km (56 mi) Rajasthan
» Allahabad Bypass Expressway 86 km (53 mi) Uttar Pradesh
» Durgapur Expressway 105 km (65 mi)West Bengal
» Ambala Chandigarh Expressway 35 km (22 mi) Haryana/Punjab
» Chennai Bypass 32 km (20 mi) Tamil Nadu
» Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway 28 km (17 mi) Delhi/Haryana
» Noida-Greater Noida Expressway 24.53 km(15.24 mi) Delhi/Uttar Pradesh
» Delhi Noida Direct Flyway 9.2 km (5.7 mi) Delhi/Uttar Pradesh.
 National Highways

 NH are the main highways running through the length and

the breadth of India, connecting major parts, foreign
highways, capital of states, and large industrial and tourist
.
centers including roads required for strategic movements for
the defense of India.
 The national highways have a total length of 142,126 km as of
April 2019.
 Indian highways cover 1.8% of the total road network of India
and carry 40% of the total traffic.
 North-South and East-West Corridor

 North South Corridor

 North End-Srinagar
 South End-Kanyakumari
 Length-4000 km
 Major Junctions-NH 1A,1,
2, 3, 75, 26, 7, and 47.
 East West Corridor
 East End-Silchar
 West End-Porbandar
 Length-3300
 Major Junctions-NH 54,
36, 37, 31, 57, 28, 25, 76,
14, and 15
 National Highways cont…
Golden Quadrilateral - (5,846 Km) Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai

 NH-2 Delhi-Kol (1453 km)

 NH5, 6,60 Kol-Che (1684 km)
 NH 4,7&46 Che-Mum (1290km)
 NH 8, 79A,79,76 Mum-Del (1419 km)
 State Highways
 The state highways are usually roads that link important cities,
towns, and district headquarters within the state and connect
them with National Highways or highways of neighboring states.
 These highways provide connections to industries or places from
key areas in the state making them more accessible.
 These are not related to National Highways and are not
maintained by the National Highways Authority of India or the
central government in any way.
 Total length of all SH in the country is 1,76,166 Kms.
 Major District Roads

 Important roads within a district serving areas of production and

markets, connecting those with each other or with the major
highways.
 It also connects Taluka headquarters and rural areas to District
headquarters within the state.
 The responsibility for the construction and maintenance of these
roads lies with District Authorities.
 However, the state government gives grants for the development of
these roads.
 India has a total of 4,70,000 km of MDR.
 Speed 60-80kmph
 Other district roads

 Serving rural areas of production and providing

them with an outlet to market centers or other
important roads like MDR or SH.
 Speed 50-60kmph
 Village roads

 They are roads connecting

villages or groups of villages
with each other or to the nearest
road of a higher category like
ODR or MDR.
 The village roads are kaccha
roads or earthen roads or bitumen
roads which carry light traffic.
India has 26,50,000 km of VR
 Speed-40-50kmph
 Urban Road Classification

 Arterial Roads
 Sub Arterial
 Collector
 Local Street
 Urban Road Classification

 Arterial Roads
 An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity
urban road that sits below freeways/motorways on the road
hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed.
 The streets primarily for through traffic on a continuous route,
but with the high level of traffic mobility are known as
arterial roads.
 Urban Road Classification

 Sub Arterial
 The streets primarily for through traffic on a continuous route
but have a lower level of traffic mobility than the arterials are
known as sub-arterial roads.
 Urban Road Classification

 Collector
 This system of streets includes all distributer and collector
streets.
 The function of this system is to serve between major arterials
and local streets to connect adjacent neighborhood areas
placed approximately at half miles intervals to accommodate
local through traffic movements and interconnect local streets
with the major arterial street system.
 Urban Road Classification
 Local Street
 Local streets are primarily
means for direct access to
residential commercial,
industrial, or other abutting
property.
 All through traffics should be
discouraged on local streets.
 Land access is very high but
mobility is very low for local
 Roadway patterns are very essential in the development of the
settlements of a city.
 However, recent development in cities does not give
importance to the study of the road patterns that give rise to
numerous roads that are not interconnected, housing schemes,
and commercial developments built far away from where
roads are very distant from the center of the town.
 The increasing distance between the residential and
commercial hub of the city increases the dependency upon
cars for the daily travel chores each household member makes
frequently.
 The roadway patterns also increase the response time the
emergency response vehicles take to reach a certain place.
 The main principle of the road pattern is to reduce the time
and the distance that the vehicle takes to reach the
destination place.
 It also focuses on the interconnection of branch roads.
Road Patterns also play a vital role in the traffic
management of a region.
 The various road patterns used in urban highway planning are:

 Rectangular or block pattern

 Radial or star and block pattern

 Radial or star and circular pattern,

 Radial or star and grid pattern,

 Hexagonal pattern

 Minimum travel pattern