Lesson.6.

 Objective: Anlyze the operant conditioning

aprocess of learning that encourages
some behaviors and discourages others
depending on whether rewards or
punishments are given for that behavior.
 Operant conditioning examples
 offering praise when they do something positive.
 giving them a piece of candy when they clean their room.
 letting them play video games after they complete their homework.
 sending them to their room as a form of punishment.
 ending a playdate if they don't stop misbehaving.
 A dolphin is given a fish every time it jumps through a hoop. 
Examples of operant conditioning in the
classroom include providing stickers
for good behavior, loss of playtime
through bad behavior, and providing
positive and negative grades on
tests based on test results.
 Behaviorist view on Learning

 We learned about Pavlov

 His
theory is S -type or Stimulus based
theory
 Thorndike Experiments

S-Rtype or STIMULUS and RESPONSE

BASED
 Skinner is regarded as the father of Operant
Conditioning, but his work was based on
Thorndike's (1898) law of effect. According to this
principle, behavior that is followed by pleasant
consequences is likely to be repeated, and
behavior followed by unpleasant
consequences is less likely to be repeated.
 R-type (response based)
Thorndike Experiments

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhNxeYYyCSQ
R type theory or RESPONSE based
 What was Skinner's operant learning theory?


According to this principle, behavior that is

followed by pleasant consequences is
likely to be repeated, and behavior
followed by unpleasant consequences is
less likely to be repeated.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ne6o-uPJarA
 Positive :Reinforcement Punishment

ADDING something
 Response strengthen Response weaken

 Negative :Reinforcement Punishment

Removing pleasant stimulus

Response weaken
 Remove unpleasant stimulus
 Take off the collar
 Strengthen response
 EXAMPLE OF POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
 A parent gives their child an extra allowance (reinforcer) for doing the
dishes (desired behavior.)
 A teacher gives students gold stars (reinforcer) for raising their hands
before they speak (good behavior.
 EXAMPLE OF NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
 A teenager cleans up his room (desirable behavior) so that his phone won’t
be taken away (unpleasant event.)
 Putting away toys neatly (wanted behavior) and the parent won’t throw
them away (unpleasant event.)
 EXAMPLE OF POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
 A parent assigns the child extra chores (unpleasant consequence)
for playing too many video games (bad behavior.)
 The teacher gives a student extra homework (aversive stimulus)
for making noise in class (undesired behavior.)
EXAMPLE OF NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT
 A parent takes away their child’s phone (pleasant stimulus) for
watching too many videos (bad behavior.)
 The police revoke the driver’s license (pleasant stimulus) for
reckless driving (unwanted behavior.)
 Activity

Being a student ,in a School

environment what are the positive and
negative reinforcements and
punishments!!
Sit in a group and discuss ( Share your
own experiences)
ReferText book
Define the terms

 Learning Curve
 Reinforcement
 Punishments
 Positive punishments
 Negative punishments
Refer the textbook(page 196)

 1.Operant conditioning is also known as ----------------------------

 2.Visceral response and skeletal response
 3.Primary and secondary reinforces
 4.Answer Q.11 from page 198
Expected Questions

 1.Define operant conditioning

 2.What are the experiments of Thorndike and Skinner?
 3.Who is the father of operant conditioning theory?
 4.What are the three laws of Thorndike’s theory?
 5.Differentiate reinforcement and punishments?
 6.What is positive and negative reinforcement give one example?
 7.What is positive and negative punishments and example?