APPLIED MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING
(GS and BS)
Illustrations
1.) What force in Newton will accelerate a mass of 50kg at the rate of 12 m/sec2?

F = m x a = 50kg (12 m/sec2) = 600N

If coefficient of friction is considered to be 0.1, what will be the force?

F – Ff = ma where, Ff = µN = 0.1(mg)

F = ma + Ff = 50(12) + 0.1(50)(9.81) = 600 + 49 = 649 N

2.) A runner with mass of 50 kg runs up the stairs to the top of the 443-m tall Sears Tower. To lift
himself to the top in 15 minutes, what must be his average power output?

Lifting a mass against gravity requires an amount of work equal to the weight multiplied by
height.
Work = mgh = 50 x 9.81 x 443 = 217,000 Joules
Pave = Work/time = 217,000 Joules/900 sec = 241 W

Alternate approach:

Power = force x velocity = mg x distance/time

= 50 kg (9.81 m/s²) x (443 m / 900 sec)
= 241 W
3.) An open water tank is filled to a depth of 1.5 m.

What is the pressure of the fluid at the bottom of the tank?

P = ρwgh = 1,000 kg/m3 (9.81 m/sec2)(1.5m)

= 14,715 N/m2 = 14.715 KPa

4.) What is the pressure if the fluid is diesel with SG = 0.8? Atm = std.
P = ρdgh = 0.8(1,000 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/sec2)(1.5m) = 11,772 Pa
Pabs = 11,772 + 101,325 = 113,097 Pa
5.) A pump discharges 20 kg/min of diesel fuel (S.G. = 0.8) to a vertical
cylindrical tank 3 meters high and 1 meter in diameter. Calculate the time
(hrs) to fill the said fuel tank.
Vtank = п/4 (d)2h = 0.7854 (1)2 (3) = 2.356m3
Mass density = mass flow rate / volume flow rate
Vflow rate = mass flow rate / mass density
= 20 kg/min / 0.8(1000 kg/m3 )
= 0.025 m3/min
Time = Vtank / Vrate = 2.356 m3 / 0.025 m3/min = 94.24 min = 1.57 hrs
Part 2.
1.) You throw a 145 grams baseball straight up in the air, giving it an
initial upward velocity of 20 m/sec². Find how high it goes, ignoring air
resistance.
KE1 + PE1 = KE2 + PE2 KE1 = PE2
Where, KE1 = ½ m(vel1)² = ½ (0.145)(20)² = 29 J
PE2 = mgh2
h2 = PE2/mg = 29/[(0.145)(9.81)] = 20.4 m
2.) A dam holds 200,000,000 liters of water at a height of 250 m above a valley
floor. If the water is used to drive a hydraulic turbine generator situated on the
valley floor, what is maximum energy that can be generated in KJ? In KWH?

PE = mgh = (2x108 kg)(9.81 m/sec2)(250m)

= 4.91 x 1011 N-m or Joules
= 4.91 x 108 KJoules
= 4.91 x 108 KJoules x [1 KWH / 3600 KJ]
= 136,389 KWH
3.) An airplane has a mass of 196,000 kg and carries 400 passengers having an
average mass of 60 kg each. What is the total energy of the loaded airplane when
traveling at 820 km/hr at a height of 9,500 m above the sea level?
where:
PE = mgh = [(196,000 + 24,000)kg] (9.81 m/sec2)(9,500m)
= 2.0503 x 1010 N-m
= 2.0503 x 107 KN-m or KJ
KE = ½ mv2 = ½ (220,000) [(820 km/hr)(hr/3600sec)(1000m/1km)]2]
= 5.707 x 109 N-m
= 5.707 x 106 KN-m or KJ
Total Energy = PE + KE = 2.62 x 1010 joules = 26,200 MJ
4.) A motor driven pump transfer 5,000 liters of oil (SG = 0.8) per hour through an
elevation of 16 m. If the delivery velocity is 10 m/sec, what is the shaft power input
of the pump?
m = ρV = 0.8(1,000)(5) = 4,000 kg/hr = 1.11 kg/sec
ΔPE = mgh = [1.11 kg/s](9.81m/s2)(16m) = 174.23 Watts
ΔKE = ½(m)v2 = ½(1.11)[10]2 = 55.5 Watts
PT = 174.23 + 55.5 = 229.73 Watts = 0.23 KW
 
TDH = [Pd – Ps] / γ + [Vd – Vs] / 2g + Z = [0] / γ + [Vd – 0] / 2g + Z
= 0 + [(10)2 /2(9.81)] + 16 = 5.097 + 16 = 21.097 m

Wp = Q x γ x TDH x S.G. = (0.0014)m3/s)[9.81 KN/m3] 21.907m (0.8)

= 0.23 KW
5.) A car having a total mass of 1,500 kg and traveling at 100 kph is made to stop by
applying brakes. All of the kinetic energy of the car is converted into internal energy
of the brakes. Assuming each of the car’s 4 wheels has a steel disc brake with a
mass of 5 kg, what is the temperature change of the brakes in C and K? Specific
heat of steel = 0.45 KJ/ kg-K.

Vel = 100 km/hr = 27.78 m/sec

KE = ½(m)v2 = ½(1,500 kg)[(27.78 m/s)2 – 0]

= 578,796.3 N-m = 578.8 KJ

KE = Q = mCpΔT
ΔT = Q / mCp = 578.8 KJ / 20 kg (0.45 kJ/kg-K) = 64.3 K