Noreen Rafaqat.

Roll Number 124.

Assignment:- 1(mechanics).
Q.1 Write short answers to the following questions.

1.A 1000Kg elevator is rising and accelerating at 3m/s^2.Calculate the tension force of the cable on
the elevator.

Answer: The expression for the tension(T) can be deduced as follows:

F(net)= ma

T-mg = ma

T=m(a + g)

Substitute the required values to find tension:

T= (1000) [(9.8m/s^2) +(3m/s^2)]

=12800N

2.What is the origin of friction between two surfaces when they slide over each other?

Answer: Surface roughness is the origin of friction. Friction is caused by interlocking of irregularities
present on the surfaces contact. Rough surfaces have larger irregularities while smoother have lesser
irregularities.Hence,rough surfaces offer more friction than smooth surfaces.

3.What is the angle between velocity and acceleration at the highest point during the projectile
motion?

Answer: At highest point, velocity is acting horizontally, and acceleration (due to gravity) is acting
vertically downwards.Therfore , the angle between velocity and acceleration is 90 degree.

4.A block of wood is taken to the bottom of a lake. Dose the block process potential energy? Explain.

Answer: Yes, wooden block process potential energy. Because when a block is taken to bottom of lake
some work is done against the up thrust of water. This work done is stored in the form of potential
energy in the block. We can also say that block processes some negative potential energy with reference
to the ground level.

5.Dose k.E of a car change more when it speeds up from 10 to 15 m/s or from 15 to 20 m/s.

Answer: The kinetic energy changes more if a car goes from 15 to 20 m/s. This is because when a body
goes from speed V1 to V2 ,the change in K.E is:
Change in K.E =K2 – K1 = ½(V22 - V12 )

=½(V2 - V1 )(V2 + V1 )

The V2 – V1 is the same for both cases.

Hence, change in K.E only depends upon which case has greater V2 + V1.

Therefore V1 =15 m/s V2 =20 m/s has greater V2 + V1, hence it has greater change in kinetic energy.

6.A bus and a car moving with same kinetic energy are brought to rest by applying breaks which
provide equal retarding force. Which of them will come to rest in a shorter distance?

Answer: If a car and a bus moving with the same K.E come to rest by providing the same retarding force,
then the bus will come to rest by covering a shorter distance. This is because a bus has a larger mass
than a car, so it will experience a smaller acceleration for the same forces.

As in newton’s second law: - F = ma

A= f/m

K.E = 1/2mv2

Q.2 Solve the following problem.

a) A bicyclist travels in a radius of 25 m at a constant speed of 9 m/s.The combined mass of bicycle

and rider is 85 kg. Calculate the (1) magnitude of the force friction on bicycle from the road (2) The net
force on bicycle from the road?

Given Data: -

• The radius: r =25 m

• The speed: v=9 m/s
• The mass: m=85 kg

(a)The frictional force will be balance by centrifugal force, mathematically the expression for the force of
friction can be given by as,

Fs=mv2 /r

Substitute the values in the above equation.

Fs = 85 kg × (9 m/s)2 /25 m

=275.4 N

Thus, the friction force is 275.4.

(b) The net force will be the resultant of normal force and frictional force, that is,

F = √𝐹𝑠 2 + 𝑁 2 = √𝐹𝑠 2 + (𝑚𝑔)2

Here the normal force is N, the acceleration (a) due to gravity and its value is 9.8m/s.
Substitute the values in the above equation.

F =√(275.4)2 + (85 × 9.8)2

F =878.152 N

Thus, the net force on the bicycle is 878.152N.

b) A small ball rolls horizontally off the edge of a tabletop that is 1.20 m high. It strikes the floor at a
point 1.52 m horizontally from the table edge. (1) How long the ball is in the air. (2) What is its speed
at instant it leaves the table.

Given data: X Y

Δx=1.52m Δy= -1.20m

Α=0m/s α = -9.8 m/s

VX =? Vy = 0 m/s

T=? t =?

(1) By using formula:

Δy =Vy + ½ at2

-1.2 = (0) + ½ (9.8) t2

-1.2 = ½ (9.8) t2

-1.2 = -4.9 t2

1.2
√𝑇 2 √𝑇 2 = √4.9

T = 0.4948 sec

(2) By using following equation:

Δ X = vX T + ½ AT2

1.52 = vX (0.495) + ½ (0) (0.495)2

1.52 = vX (0.495) + 0

VX = 1.52/0.495

VX = 3.07 M/S-2

(C) Consider an automobile moving along a straight road with a speed V if the coefficient of static
friction between tyers and the road is us. What is the shortest distance in which an automobile can be
stopped?

Given data:
Initial velocity = Vo

Final velocity = 0

Coefficient of friction = u

The retarding force between tyers and road is given by: -

F = ma = uR = umg (a= ug)

Now from equation of motion: -

V2 = U2 – 2as

0 = U2 – 2as

S = U2 /2a = U2 /2ug

S = Vo 2 /2ug

Hence the shortest distance in which a car can be stopped is Vo2 /2ug.

(d) A 0.50 kg block is attached to an ideal spring with a spring constant 80 N/m oscillate on horizontal
frictionless surface. The total mechanical energy is 0. 12J.What is the greatest extension of spring
from its equilibrium length.

Given data:

Mass(m) = 0.50 kg

Spring constant(K) = 80 N/m

Total energy (T.E) = 0.12 J

Vmax =?

At maximum speed total energy is equal to kinetic energy.

T.E = K.E

K.E = 0.12 J

As,

K.E = ½ mvmax2

Vmax2 = 2(K.E)/m

2(𝐾.𝐸)
Vmax = √ 𝑚

2(0.12)
V max =√ 0.50

Vmax = 0.17 m/s

(e) 70.0 kg men jumping from a window land in an elevated rescue net 11.0 m below the window. He
momentarily stops when he has stretched the net by 1.50 m.Assuming that mechanical energy is
conserved during this process and that the net frictions like an ideal spring. Find the ideal potential
energy of the net when it is stretched by 1.50 m.

Given data:

M = 70.0 kg

H = 11.0 m

X = 1.50 m

As net gravitational potential energy is,

Unet = mg (h + x)

Substitute the following values:

Unet = (70) (9.8) × (11 + 1.50)

Unet = 8.58 KJ

Thus, the elastic potential energy stored net is Unet = 8.58 KJ.

(f) A body of mass 4.5 kg is dropped from rest at a height 10.5 m above the earth. What will be its
speed just sticking the ground?

Given data:

M = 4.5 kg

H1 = o m H2 = 10.5 m

V =?

By work-energy principle: -

W = K f – Ki

W = ½ mv2 - 0

mgh= ½mv2

√𝑣 2 = √2𝑚𝑔

V = √2(9.8 × 1.5)

V = 14.3 m/s

THE END