PRESENTATION

Presented to : Ma’am Ayesha Tanveer

Presented by : Muhammad Muzamil, Umer Bukhari,

Usama Iqbal, Azka Zafar, Qurat.ul.Ain

Topic name : social change, democracy and its social benefits ,dictatorship
and its negative impact on society, role of political parties in social change
Programme :
BBA (Hons)
Semester:3rd (B)
Session: 2017-2021
 SOCIAL CHANGE
INTRODUCTION:
When change in social structure, social order, social
values, certain customs and traditions, socio- cultural norms, code
of conduct, way of conducting oneself in the society, standards,
attitudes, customs and traditions of the society and related factors
take place, it is said that there is social change.
August Comte:
August comte is also
called founder of sociology. He proposed two basic
problems of sociology( social statistics and social
change).
Social statistics:
Social statistics is the use of statistics to
study human behavior and social environments. Social
statistics data is information or knowledge on an
individual, object or event.
Social dynamics:
Social dynamics can refer to the
behavior of groups that results from the interactions of
individual group members as well to the study of the
relationship between individual interactions and group
level behaviors
Landberg :
social change refers to any
modification in the established
patterns of inter-human
relationship and standard of conduct.
Morris Ginsberg :
By a social change,
I understand a change in social
structure e.g. the size of society,
the composition or the balance of its
parts or the types of its
organization.
Gillin:
social changes are variation from
the accepted modes of life; whether due
to alternation in geographical
conditions , in cultural equipments,
composition of the population or
ideologies and brought about by
diffusion and invention within the
group.
Sources of social change:

Internal
internal sources are those factors that
originate within a society that singly or in
combination with other factors with other
factors produce alteration in social structure
and social institution.
External
external sources are those events from
outside the society and brings about changes
in the social structure and social institution.
Characteristics of social change:

 Change in social
 Change in universal
 Continuous
 Inevitable
 Temporal
 Degree or rate of change is not uniform
 Social change may be planned or unplanned
 Social changes creates chain reaction
 Social change is multi-casual
Types of social change:

(1) Evolutionary Social Change

(2) Revolutionary Social Change
Evolutionary Social Change:
Evolutionary changes occur in course
of a long period slowly and gradually and through evolutionary
process. Such changes are not very drastic or remarkable. They
proceed gradually like the process of conditioning and people learn
to adjust with such changes gradually.e.g style of our clothing.
Revolutionary Social Change:
 It is the opposite of evolutionary
change. When the changes in various sectors of our social system
occur suddenly, drastically and sufficiently so as to differentiate it
from gradual, slow change, it is called revolutionary social change.
TOP 10 CAUSES OF GLOBAL SOCIAL CHANGE :
1. Technological and
Economic Changes:
2. Modernization:
The process of moving from
an agrarian to industrial society.
3. Urbanization:
When large populations live in
urban areas rather than rural areas.
4. Bureaucratization: 
Process by which most formal organizations in
a society (businesses, government, non-profits) run their
organizations via the use of extreme rational and
impersonal thinking, an extreme division of labor, and
record keeping.
5. Conflict and Competition :
Examples: 
 War:  due to religion, ethnic tensions, competition for
resources 
 Gender and Women’s Movement: equal pay, property:
Today; day care,  occupational segregation
6. Political and Legal Power:
a) Elected officials:
 Redistribution of wealth: income and property taxes.  Today:
Sales tax, tax “relief” 
b) Unelected officials:
 corporate power (jobs, goods and services and cost of, culture,
donations to political campaigns.

7. Ideology:
 a) Religious beliefs. 
 Rise of capitalism in U.S. due to religious beliefs and Protestant
work ethic.
8. Diffusion:
Rate at which populations adopt
new goods and services.
9. Acculturation:
 Examples: Asian Americans, American
Indians (Lumbee vs. Cherokee)
 Can prevent social change by preventing
acculturation – example, China and the
Cultural Revolution; Afghanistan, Iraq
 
 Democracy
Social democracy is a political, social, and
economic ideology that supports economic and social interventions
to promote social justice within the framework of a
liberal democratic polity and capitalist economy.
List of Advantages of Democracy:
1. It protects the interest of citizens.
As previously stated, the citizens in
a democratic country are given the right to vote on political, social and
economical issues. 2. It prevents monopoly of
authority.
Due to the fact that the
government is bound by an election term where parties compete to
regain authority, democracy prevents monopoly of the ruling authority
3. It promotes equality.
Generally, democracy is based on
the rule of equality, which means that all people are equal
as far as the law is concerned.
4. It makes for a responsible and stable administration.
When there are elected and fixed
representatives, a more responsible government is formed.
Thus, democracy can be efficient, firm and stable
5. It brings a feeling of obligation towards the citizens.

The ruling authorities owe their success to elections by the

citizens, so they would feel grateful to and socially
responsible for them.
6. It imparts political education to the people.
One argument in
favor of democracy is that it can serve as a training school for
citizens—they are driven to take part in state affairs.
7. It helps make good citizens.
Democracy aims to create the ideal
environment that is conducive to personality improvement,
character cultivation and good habits.
9. It promotes change. 
This political system can promote changes in
the government without having to resort to any form of violence. It
tries to make citizens feel great and even provides them with a good
sense of participation and involvement.
List of Disadvantages of Democracy:

1. It might allow misuse of public funds and time.

Democratic governments can lead to wasted time and resources,
considering that it takes a huge amount of time on formulating
laws and requires a lot of money to be spent during elections.
2. It instigates corruption.
Those who are elected to power might resort to unethical means
for personal interests and engage in corrupt practices

3. It risks the wrong choice of public servants.

Truth be told, not
all individuals under a democratic government are aware of the
political and social circumstances in their country.
4. It allows not exercising the right to vote.
Sadly, in
some democratic countries, people fail to
exercise their right to vote.
5. It can take long to make decisions.
Because it
takes long to make decisions, it will also
take long to implement them.
 Dictatorship
What is Dictatorship?
This is a form of government where only one
political party, entity or leader is in control of running a nation. It is a
type of authoritarianism wherein a person or a political party dictates
on the behavior of the citizenry as a whole.
List of Pros (benefits) of Dictatorships:
1.Dictatorships have the ability to make nations progressive.
Any
kind of government can make mistakes and have flaws in the way it
handles issues and implement policies. However, it can also make
good decisions and have effective laws.
2. Dictatorships result to stable governments.
Supporters of dictatorships are drawn to this form of government
because dictators usually stay in power for years, even decades.
3. Dictatorships lessen crime rates.

Proponents of this type of government assert that

most of the countries run by dictators have lesser
crimes than those with a democratic form of
government.
4. Dictatorships are good for the economy.

Advocates for dictatorships say that elections

can be very expensive, including the electoral
process, campaigns, propaganda and all the other
costs of holding an election.
List of Cons (negative impact) of Dictatorships:
1. Dictatorships lead to abuse of power.
One of the arguments
of opponents of dictatorships is the tendency of dictators to
enjoy the power they have which make them more greedy
and self-serving.
2. Dictatorships lead to mass killings.
Another setback
brought about by dictatorships is the rising number of
deaths and killings of innocent people.
 Role of political parties
Nominate Candidates:
Political parties are responsible for
selecting candidates who will run for political office.
Influence Policy:
Members of the Senate and the House of
Representatives are also members of political parties.
Unite Government:
People in the same political party are
connected because they are members of the same
organization.
Create Balance:
The most powerful political party is the
one that has the most members elected to office. Being in
the majority means the party can focus the government’s
attention on issues that are important to the party’s
platform.
Inform Citizens:
Political parties run campaigns for
candidates. During campaigns, political parties run
television ads, distribute pamphlets, post blogs, and help
candidates give speeches
DOCUMENTARY:
THANK YOU