LESSON 3 & 4:

CULTURE AND SOCIETY

PREPARED BY: MS. MONICA G. ALMANZOR

CULTURE
 CULTURE
• A group or community which shares
common experiences that shape the way
its members understand the world.
 CULTURE
• According to Edward Burnett Tylor, Culture is the
complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices,
values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbol, and
knowledge that person learns and shares as a member of
society.
ASPECTS OF CULTURE
Dynamic, Flexible and Adaptive

Culture changes
constantly throughout
the time.
Shared and Contested
Culture through its
elements is enjoyed by
group of people who lived
together.
Learned through socialization or enculturation

Culture is learned with

practice through
continued process.
Patterned social interactions
Culture creates patterned
behavior and social interactions
that can be transmitted
through socialization and
enculturation.
Integrated and at times unstable

Culture to be always
functioning must maintain
its components integrated.
Transmitted through socialization/ enculturation

Socialization is a process of learning

and internalizing rules and patterns of
society (Sociological Perspective) while
enculturation is a process of learning
and adopting ways and manners of
culture. (Anthropological Perspective)
Requires language and other forms of
communication

Culture will be successfully

transmitted if it uses language
and other forms of
communication within their
context
Requires language and other forms of
communication

Culture will be successfully

transmitted if it uses language
and other forms of
communication within their
context
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
 SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
American sociologists Paul Horton and
Chester Hunt (1964) defined institution as
an organized system of social system of
social relationships that represent a
society’s common values and procedures.
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
Family
Peer group
School
Religion
Government or State
Family
The process of socialization
begins in the family. Family is
their first source through which
they commence their social
communication.
Peer group
A group of people of
approximately the same age,
sharing similar interests and
probably belonging to similar
backgrounds.
School

This institution, an
average person spends
most of his/her young
life.
Religion

One of the most powerful

agents of socialization which is
linked with concepts and values
people identify themselves with.
Government or State

It is an indirect agent of socialization.

This means, though we do not come
in contact with the institution directly,
it does have an impact on our social
life and well-being.