Chain of Infection

z
Communicable
Diseases
 z
Reservoir
 Is a place within which
microorganism can thrive and
reproduce.
Susceptible Host
z

 Is a person who cannot resists

a microorganism invading the
body.
Mode of Transmission
z

 Is the method by which the

organism moves from one host
to another.
 z
Portal of Exit
 Provides a way for a
microorganism to leave the
body of the host.
 z
Pathogens
 Are organism with the ability to
cause diseases.
 z
Portal of Entry
 Is an opening allowing the
microorganism to enter the
body of the host.
1. Hand, Foot, and (Inflammation of the
Mouth Disease Liver)
2. Conjunctivitis (Pink 7. Dengue Fever
Eye) 8. Malaria (Kaligkig)
3. Head Lice 9. Influenza
Infestation (Kuto) 10. Common Cold
4. Chicken Pox 11. Pneumonia
(Bulutong) (Pulmonya/Pamamag
5. Cholera a ng Baga)
6. Hepatitis 12. Measles (Tigdas)
 z
Pathogens
 Are organism with the ability to
cause diseases.
 Bacteria  Fungi
 Rickettsia  Protozoa
 Viruses  Parasitic Worms
 z
Bacteria
 Are one-celled organisms that rank
among the most widespread of living
organisms.
 Most bacteria do not cause diseases.

 Must have a food supply, suitable

temperature, moisture, and darkness.
10 to 1
The human body contains trillions of
microorganisms — outnumbering human
cells by 10 to 1. Because of their small
size, however, microorganisms make up
only about 1 to 3 percent of the body's
mass (in a 200-pound adult, that's 2 to 6
pounds of bacteria), but play a vital role in
human health.
 z
Rickettsia
 Are organisms that are considered intermediate,
that is, somewhere between a virus and a
bacterium.
 Grow in the intestinal tracks of insects (ticks),
which carry them to their human hosts. It
requires living cells in order to grow and multiply.
 Blood Suckers carry rickettsia to humans.
 z
Virus
 Are small, simple life-like forms from one-
half to 100 the size of a bacteria.
 These organisms are the human body's
worst enemies.
 Attacks specific type of cells. Attaches
itself to a cell and releases its nucleic acid
into the host cell.
 z
Fungi
 Are simple organism that cannot make
their own food. Many live on dead
animals, insects, and leaves, a dark and
damp environments.
 Invadeshair, nails, and skin. Most
common fungi are yeast and mushrooms.
 z
Protozoa
 Are one-celled organisms that are larger
than bacteria and have more complex
cellular structure. Common in tropical
areas that have poor sanitation.
 They cause malaria, African sleeping
sickness, and amoebic dysentery.
Parasitic Worms
z

 Alsoknown as Helminths live in

humans.
 Eggs can contaminate food, water, air,
feces, pets, wild animals, and objects.
Usually lodge in the intestines, hatch,
grow, and multiply.
Mode of Transmission
z

 Direct
 Contact Transmission
 Food-/ Water-borne
 Vector-borne

 Indirect
 Droplet Transmission
 Air-borne
Hand, Foot & Mouth
z

Disease

Contact Transmission
 z
Chicken Pox
(Bulutong)

Contact Transmission
Air-borne Transmission
 z
Common Cold
(Sipon)

Droplet Transmission
 z
Dengue Fever

Vector-borne
 z
Conjunctivitis
(Pink Eye)

Contact Transmission
 z
Head Lice
(Kuto)

Contact Transmission
 z
Hepatitis
(Inflamed Liver)

Food-borne/Water-
borne Transmission
 As a grade 8 student, what
are the new activities/safety
measures that you might
add on your daily routine?
How can you make sure that
it will save you from getting
infected?