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Integrated
Circuit Logic

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What areedit Master title
Integrated style
Circuits?

An integrated circuit (IC), sometimes called a chip, microchip or

microelectronic circuit, is a semiconductor wafer on which thousands or
millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, diodes and transistors are
fabricated. An IC can function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer, counter, 
logic gate, computer memory, microcontroller or microprocessor.
An IC is the fundamental building block of all modern electronic devices.
As the name suggests, it's an integrated system of multiple miniaturized
and interconnected components embedded into a thin substrate of
semiconductor material (usually silicon crystal).

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is Integrated title style
Logic?

A logic IC is a semiconductor device that implements a basic logical

operation that is performed on one or more digital input signals
(represented by 1 and 0 or H and L) to produce a digital output
signal.
An integrated circuit (IC), sometimes called a chip, microchip or
microelectronic circuit, is a semiconductor wafer on which thousands or
millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, diodes and transistors are
fabricated. An IC can function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer, counter, 
logic gate, computer memory, microcontroller or microprocessor.
An IC is the fundamental building block of all modern electronic devices.
As the name suggests, it's an integrated system of multiple miniaturized
and interconnected components embedded into a thin substrate of
semiconductor material (usually silicon crystal).

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Logic?

• A single IC could contain thousands or millions of:

• transistors
• resistors
• capacitors
• diodes
• Additional components may also reside on it, all interconnected
through a complex web of semiconductor wafers, silicon, copper and
other materials. Size-wise, each component is small, usually
microscopic. The resulting circuit, a monolithic chip, is also tiny --
often just enough to occupy a few square millimeters or centimeters of
space.
• One common example of a modern-day IC is the computer processor,
which typically contains millions or billions of transistors, capacitors,
logic gates, etc., connected together to form a complex digital circuit.
Although the processor is an IC, not all ICs are processors.

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History edit evolution
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integrated circuits

• The invention of the transistor -- a combination of the

words transfer and resistor -- in 1947 set the stage for the modern
computer age.
• In the early days, each transistor came in a separate plastic package,
and each circuit consisted of discrete transistors, capacitors and
resistors. Due to the large size of these components, early ICs were
only capable of holding a few of them -- wired together -- on the circuit
board.
• Over time, the development of solid-state electronics made it easier to
reduce the size of components.
• In the late 1950s, inventors Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments, Inc., and
Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation found ways to
lay thin paths of metal on devices and have them function as wires.
Their solution to the problem of wiring between small electrical
devices was the beginning of the development of the modern IC.

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Inverter

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Gate

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Inverter

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Inverter

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At last let me clear one thing, in these IC's there exist components like
TRANSISTORS, RESISTORS, CAPACITORS, DIODES, FeT'c and MOSFET's etc.
But There does not contain coils and transformers, take a look at any IC, you can
see resistor capacitors but you cannot see coil and transformers, the reason for that
is due to their large size, making them small in size is very expensive as compared
with other components like RESISTORS and CAPACITORS, so designers avoid to
use them in IC's, that's why we have to use those components externally in our
circuits.

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Thank You 2

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