What are the effect of pollution,

salinity and climate change on the

earth and its solution?
By: Author
Environment pollution is the introduction of pollutants into the natural environment, and causes adverse effects.
Climate change refers to a change in average weather conditions, or in the time variation of weather in the context
of longer-term average conditions. Evaporation takes freshwater from the ocean into the atmosphere and increases
the ocean salinity; precipitation puts freshwater into the ocean and reduces its salinity. Consequently, salinity
changes integrate effects over broad areas and provide an excellent indicator for water cycle change. Decreasing
ocean salinity has the opposite effect, decreasing surface temperature on global average and increasing the extent
of sea ice. Climate change is making heavy intense downpours, droughts and rising water temperatures more
common. This can alter the quality of our drinking and recreational water. Bacteria and viruses thrive in these new
conditions and when they come into contact with humans, can cause numerous illnesses. Climate change and
rising temperatures may increase evapotranspiration, including the evaporation of water from soils. As a result,
water evaporates and the salt remains in the soil, increasing the soil salinity.
Changes to Earth's climate driven by increased human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse
gases are already having widespread effects on the environment: glaciers and ice sheets are
shrinking, river and lake ice is breaking up earlier, plant and animal geographic ranges are shifting,
and plants and trees are blooming. Climate change is already affecting water access for people
around the world, causing more severe droughts and floods. Increasing global temperatures are
one of the main contributors to this problem. Climate change impacts the water cycle by
influencing when, where, and how much precipitation falls. Evaporation of ocean water and
formation of sea ice both increase the salinity of the ocean. However these "salinity raising" factors
are continually counterbalanced by processes that decrease salinity such as the continuous input
of fresh water from rivers, precipitation of rain and snow, and melting of ice. Air pollution can
directly contaminate the surface of bodies of water and soil. This can kill crops or reduce their
yield. It can kill young trees and other plants. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide particles in the air
can create acid rain when they mix with water and oxygen in the atmosphere.
Climate change mitigation means avoiding and reducing emissions of heat-trapping
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere to prevent the planet from warming to more extreme
temperatures. Using more groundwater in recharge areas by pumping water from bores and
redirecting it to other storages and installing bores and interceptor drains in discharge areas
water of suitable quality can be used to irrigate adjacent areas and installing sub-surface
drainage. Mitigation measures include policies concerning energy, transportation, food and
agriculture, and land use that will reduce GHG emissions. They include: Energy policies that can
promote development and use of renewable energy, decrease production and use of fossil
fuels, and reduce overall energy demand. Specific means of pollution control might include
refuse disposal systems such as sanitary landfills, emission control systems for automobiles,
sedimentation tanks in sewerage systems, the electrostatic precipitation of impurities from
industrial gas, or the practice of recycling.